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NOTES 

- RELATIVE TO 

THE PEACE 

CONCLUDED BETWEEN 

THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT 

AND THE 

MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS, 

AND TO THE. 

VARIOUS QUESTIONS 

ARISING OUT OF 

THE TERMS OF THE PACIFICATION. 



VEIN TED FOR STOC KDALEj PICCADILLY. 



1805 . 




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ADVERTISEMENT. 



THE following lheets form part of a continuation of that dif- 
tinguiftied produ&ion entitled, “ Notes relating to the late Tram* 
actions in the Marhatta Empirewhich was originally compiled and 
printed at Calcutta, under the direction of the Supreme Government 
in India ; and re-printed and publilhed in ] 804 by Mr. Stockdale. 


The prefent document (which, together with various other articles 
on the fame important fubjedt, has lately reached England by the 
Belle packet) is derived from the fame refpe&able and authentic 
fource; and cannot, it is prefumed, fail to prove equally interefting 
and acceptable to the public; inafmuch as it exhibits a mod: luminous 
and fatisfadtory view of the manifold and folid advantages fecured to 
the Britifh empire in India by^he feveral treaties of peace and 
alliance refulting from that glorious and fuccefsful war, the rrfe and 
progrefs of which were fo ably traced and delineated in the preceding, 
publication. /•••$■ 


An attentive confideration of the following pages is peculiarly cal¬ 
culated to difpel every apprehenlion that might be excited by any 


ADVERTISEMENT, 


momentary check fuftained by our arms in the courfe of the a&ual 
hoftilities in India : fince it will here be feen that the fecurity of the 
national interefts in that country has been eftablifhed, through the 
operation of the wife fyflem of policy purfued by iLord Wellefley, on 
fuch a broad and firm bafis, as precludes all danger from its being 
materially diflurbed by any future attempts either of European or 
Afiatic enemies; and, leafl of all, by the predatory efforts of an un~ 
{table and irregular power like Jefwunt Rao Holkar, 

London, 

4th September 1805. 


NOTES 


RELATIVE TO 

THE PEACE CONCLUDED BETWEEN 

THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT 

AND THE 

CONFEDERATE MAHRATTA CHIEFTAINS * 


The advantages which the Britifh government has derived from 
the terms of the pacification are to be confidered, with reference to 
the caufe and objedls of the war; to the improvement and confolida- 
tion of our territorial ftrength and general refources; and to the im¬ 
provement in our lyftem of political relations, effected by the opera¬ 
tion of the feveral treaties of peace, fubfidy, and alliance, upon the 
general tranquillity and welfare of the native ftates of Hindoflan and 
the Dekan. 

The immediate caufe of the war was the refufal of the confederated 
Mahratta chieftains to feparate and to withdraw to their ufual Na¬ 
tions, within their refpe&ive territories, the armies which they had 

' V 

* Thefe Notes have been extra&ed and arranged from the letter of the Governor-general in 
council to the fecret committee, under date the 13th July, 1804. Great part of that letter, ac¬ 
cording to official pra&ice, is a tranfcriptof the original inftrudlions of the Governor-general to 
Major-general Wellefley, of the nth December, 1863. 

B 




NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


alfembled and united on the frontier of our ally the Soubahdar of the 
Dekan, after having declared, that the intention of that junction was 
to decide whether there ffiould be peace or war with the Britifh go¬ 
vernment and its allies. 

Under thefe circumflances the continuance of the confederate army 
in the pofition which the chieftains appeared determined to maintain 
was a manifefl indication of a defign to fruflrate by hoflilities, or by 
the terror of their arms, the operation of the alliance concluded be¬ 
tween the Britifh government and the Peiffiwah, and to diflurb the 
tranquillity of the dominions of the Nizam, and ultimately of the 
company. 

The union of the confederate forces, and their commanding and 
menacing pofition, afforded every advantage to the chieftains in pro- 
fecuting the hoflile defigns which they had manifefled, and enabled 
the confederated chieftains to hold the iffues of peace and war in their 
hands, and to arbitrate the fate of the Dekan according to their inte- 
refls or caprice. At the fame time, the pofition and {late of Scind- 
diah’s forces under the command of his French officers in Hindoflan, 
and the machination^ of Monfieur Perron with the adjoining Hates, 
and with the fubjedts of the company and of the Vizier, manifefled 
additional proofs of the hoflile defigns of the confederates, and fur- 
niffied thofe chieftains with additional means of profecuting fuch 
defigns. 

The primary objefts of the war originating in thefe caufes were to 
deprive the confederates of the means which they pofTeffed of profe¬ 
cuting their unwarrantable defigns, and to preclude the confederates 
from revivingX he fources of that military and political power which 
they had employed to diflurb the fecurity of our alliances, dependan- 
cies, and dominions. 


WITH THE MAHRATTA CHIEFTAINS. T 

The power of Dow lot Rao Scindiah, confidered with reference to 
his means of affedling the fecurity of the Britifh empire in India, may 
be defcribed to have confifted, at the commencement of the war, in the 
following branches of military and political refource:— 

Firft. The efficient Rate of Scindiah’s military eftablifhment, un¬ 
der the direction of European officers, and particularly the formidable 
condition of his regular infantry and artillery, under the command of 
thofe officers. 

Second. The poffieffion of an extenfive and rich territory* and of 
various ftrong forts, magazines, foundries, and arfenals,* with confi- 
derable fupplies of ammunition and military {lores, depoflted in con¬ 
venient Rations on our frontier, contiguous to the moil vulnerable 
part of the Britifh dominions in Hindoftan. 


Third. The eilablifhment of a large and well-difciplined body of 
troops, with a formidable train of artillery,, under the command of 
French officers within that territory. 

Fourth. The adlual alignment of that territory to the French offi¬ 
cer holding the chief command of thofe troops. 

Fifth. The poffieffion of the perfon of his majefly Shah Aulum, 
under the immediate power of the forces commanded by French offi¬ 
cers in the fervice of Dowlut Rao Scindiah; and the exercife of the 
nominal authority of the mogul, through thofe French officers. 


Sixth. The afcendancy eftabliffied by the agency of the French 
officer in command of Scindiah’s troops in the north-weft quarter of 
Hindoftan over the rajpoot chieftains of Jeynagur and- Jodeporq^ and 
other Rates and chieftains in the northern and weftern ^provinces of 


8 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


Hindoftan, and over many of the feik chiefs, and others occupying 
the territory from the Jumna to the banks of the Indus, and the faci¬ 
lity afforded by the advanced polls of Monfieur Perron’s army towards 
the Indus, of aiding the invafion of the Britifh dominions through 
that quarter. 

Seventh. The facility which the poffeffion of the fea port of Ba- 
roach afforded to Scindiah of improving his military eflablifhments, 
by the acceffion of French or other European officers, military 
fupplies, and even of a body of French or other European auxiliary 
troops. 

Eighth. The power of diflurbing the poffeffions of the Guikwar 
and of the company in the province of Guzerat, by means of Scin- 
diah’s intermixed territories and fortreffes in that province, and by his 
claims and influence in that quarter. 

Ninth. The power of difturbing the tranquillity of the flate of 
Poonah, and the {lability of our alliance with the Peiffiwah, by Scin¬ 
diah’s intermixed territories and fortreffes in the vicinity of Poonah, 
and to the fouthward of the river Taptee (efpecially the territory and 
fortrefs of Ahmednuggur), and by Scindiah’s various claims upon the 
flate of Poonah, and by his influence at that court. 

Tenth. Scindiah’s intermixed and bordering fortreffes and poffef- 
fions, which enabled him to menace the dominions of the foubahdar 
of the Dekan, and to impair the efficiency of the Britifh alliance with 
that prince, and Scindiah’s various claims upon the foubahdar of the 
Dekan, and confequent influence at Hyderabad. 

Eleventh. The general magnitude, wealth, and flrength, of Scin¬ 
diah’s dominions and army, and the reputation of his military power* 


WITH THE MAHRATTA CHI EFT HNS. 


9 


from which he derived a general influence and afcendancy at Poonah, 
and over all the Mahratta Rates, and even at Hyderabad; which in¬ 
fluence and afcendancy had been for fome years paR uniformly di¬ 
rected to injure the Britifh .power in India. 

Under this view of the condition of Dowlut Rao Scindiah’s power 
at the commencement of the war, it was dangerous to the Britifli 
empire:— 

Fuji. By the facilities which it afforded to the French of injuring 
the Britifh interefls in India, either in co-operation with Scindiah 
or through the independent aid of his French and other European 
officers. 

Secondly. By maintaining againR the Britifh government a rival 
and hoflile influence throughout every native Rate in India and Spe¬ 
cially amongR our moR important dependants and allies on the weR- 
ern fide of India; and by affording a powerful bond of union to any 
hoRile confederacy of the native Rates againR the Britifh government, 
as well as an efficient and formidable infirument for the profecution of 
the obje&s of fuch an union. 

With a view to exhibit the extent and magnitude of the dangers to 
which the Britifli empire was eventually expofed, at the commence¬ 
ment of the late war, by the condition of Scindiah’s power, and of the 
feveral Rates in the north-weR of HindoRan, and efpecially by the ex- 
illence of the French force under the command of Monfieur Perron, 
combined with his independant poffefiion of a large trad of country 
in the Doab of the Jumna and the Ganges, it may be advifeable to 
infert in this place an extract -from the inRru&ions of the governor- 
general to his excellency the commander in chief, under date the 27 th 
of July, 1803. 


■1© 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


“ To every perfon converfant with the true nature of the Britifh 
intereffs and power in India, the north-weffern frontier of Hindoflan 
mull have appeared to prefent the mod; vulnerable point of our exten- 
five empire. 

“ The condition of the power of the Seiks, as well as that of the 
Mahrattas and of the Rajpoots and other petty Rates, offers confiderable 
advantage to an invading enemy from the more remote north-weffern 
countries of Afia, or from the banks of the Indus; and it is unnecef- 
fary to remark to your excellency’s judgment, experience, and know¬ 
ledge, that the enterprizng fpirit of France, or the ambition of Ruffia, 
or even the violence and rapacity of the Afghan tribes, or of other 
Afiatic nations inhabiting the northern and weffern countries of Afia, 
might have purfued proje&s of invafion in that quarter, which might 
have occafioned confiderable embarraffment to the Britifh power in 
India. 

“ A fenfe of this danger, concurred with other motives, to induce 
me to conclude thofe arrangements with the Nawaub Vizier, which 
terminated in the treaty * of Lucnow, and which fecured a confider¬ 
able augmentation of the military, political, and financial refources 
and power of the Britifh nation on the north-weffern frontier of 
Oude. 

“ The refult of that happy fettlement has certainly afforded a great 
acceffion of fecurity againff the dangers, which menaced the ffability 
of our empire on that fide of India. 

“ But the local pofition of Scindiah’s territories, the condition and 
nature of Scindiah’s military force in Hindoflan, and the corrupt and 
profligate counfels of that weak, arrogant, and faithlefs chief, ffill con- 

# Treaty of Lucnow concluded on the loth November 1801. 


WITH THE MAHRATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


1! 


ffitute a ferious danger to the Britifh interefls. The territories of 
Scindiah between the Jumna and the Ganges, interrupt the line of 
our defence in that quarter ; and fome of his principal polls are intro¬ 
duced into the centre of our dominions; while the poffeffion of Agra, 
Delhi, and of the weftern and fouthern bank of the Jumna, enables 
him to command nearly the whole line of our north-weflern frontier. 

“ In the event of any confiderable acceffion to Scindiah’s pow 7 er, or 
in the event of his forming any connection with France, or with any 
enemy to the Britifh interefls, the aClual pofition of his territories and 
forces in Hindoftan would furnifh great advantages to him in any 
attack upon the company’s dominions. 

“ Formidable as the pow-er of Scindiah might have become, in the 
event of any acceffion to his flrength, a danger more urgent and more di- 
redl in all its confequenc.es , has grown out of the decline of Scindiah’s 
local authority in Hindoftan, and has recently affumed a more alarm¬ 
ing afpeCt, in proportion to the accumulated embarraffment of Scin¬ 
diah’s circumftances in the Dekan, and to the general decay of his re- 
fources and power. 

<c The regular infantry in the fervice of Scindiah, under the com¬ 
mand of European officers, is fupported by funds, derivable almoft 
exclufively, from the territorial poffieffions of that chief, fituated be¬ 
tween the Jumna, the Ganges, and the mountains of Cumaon. 

“ A confiderable portion, if not the whole, of this territory, has 
been affigned to Moniieur Perron, a French officer, who hasfucceeded 
Monfieur Duboigne, in the chief command of Scindiah’s regular in¬ 
fantry. 

“ Monfieur Perron has formed this territory into an independant 


^12 NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 

date, of which Scindiah’s regular infantry, may be judly termed the 
national army. That force is now dated to amount to 3 9,050 * 
men. 

“ The inhabitants of the didridts, comprehended in Monfieur Per¬ 
ron’s Jagheer, confiderthat officer as their immediate fovereign, while 
the troops fupported from the revenues of the country, regard Monfieur 
Perron as the immediate executive authority, from which the army is 
to receive orders, fubfidence, and pay. PofTeffing fuch means, Monfieur 
Perron didates with the authority of a fovereign date, of fuperior 
rank, and with the vigour of efficient military power, to the petty 
dates, occupying the countries to the fouthward of the Jumna; and 
by the terror of his name and arms, holds in abjedt fubmiffion, the 
Rajpoot dates of Jeynagur, and Jodepore, together with the Jauts and 
the date of Gohund, extending his influence even to Bundelcund, and 
to the country occupied by the Seiks. 

c< Scindiah retains no efficient controul over Monfieur Perron, or 
ov.er his regular troops. Various indances mud be familiar to your 
excellency’s knowledge, in which Monfieur Perron has either openly 
difobeyed, or fydematically evaded the orders of Scindiah, efpecially 
in the late crifis of that chief’s affairs. 

“ Monfieur Perron has for fome time pad manifeded a fydematic 
difpofition to remove all Britifh officers from the command of Scin¬ 
diah’s regular infantry, and to introduce French officers under his own 
immediate patronage. 

“ Monfieur Perron is fuppofed to have amafled a confiderable for- 

* This was the number of the regular infantry, under the command of Monsieur Per¬ 
ron j of that number 16,600 men were in the Doab in the month of June 1803. 


WITH THE MAHRATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


13 


tune, and your excellency is intimately acquainted with his anxious 
defire to return to Europe, and to difpofe of his aCtual command, and 
of his territoral pofleffions, to fome perfon of the French nation. 

“ To thefe confiderations, it is important to add, that Monfieur 
Perron is in poffeffion of the perfon of the unfortunate Shah Aulum, 
and confequently is mailer of the nominal authority of that unhappy 
prince. Monfieur Perron therefore may transfer this valuable poifefl' 
fion, together with his property of any other defcription, to any French 
adventurer or officer, who may be enabled to complete fuch a pur- 
chafe. 

“ Thus, the coincidence of various extraordinary and uncontrolablc 
accidents, the weaknefs of Scindiah’s perfonal character, the rapacity 
and profligacy of his minilters, (who have engaged him in purfuits of 
aggrandizement, avarice, and ambition, at a diitance from Hindoilan, 
in the Dekan, at Poonah, and in the fouthern provinces of the Mar- 
hatta empire,) the treachery of many of his chiefs, whofe interests 
confiit in diverting his attention from the affairs of Hindoilan to thofe 
of the Dekan, and the recent fhock which his power has received from 
Holkar, have contributed to found an independent French Hate, on the 
moil vulnerable part of the Company’s frontier. 

“ Under the influence of a fucceffion of French adventurers, this 
ilate mull be expofed to every intrigue of the French in India, and 
even to the ambition and hoilile fpirit of the perfon, who now rules 
the French nation ; nor could an inilrument of deilru&ion, more fhil- 
fully adapted to wound the heart of the Britiih empire in India, be 
prefented to the vindictive hand of the chief conful of France. 

“ This French ilate actually holds poiTeffion of the perfon and no¬ 
minal authority of the Mogul ; maintains the moil efficient army of 


n 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


regular native infantry, and the molt powerful artillery, now exifling 
in India, (with the exception of his majefty’s and the company’s 
troops), and exercifes a confiderable influence over the neighbouring 
{fates, from the banks of the Indus to the confluence of the Jumna 
and the Ganges. 

“ In the fuppofition of the mofl intimate and eflablifhed connec¬ 
tion of amity and alliance between Scindiah and the Britifh power, 
and in the event even of Scindiah’s acceflion to the treaty of BafTein, 
and to the general defenfive alliance* with the company, the nizam, 
and the peifhwah, it is impoflible to fuppofe that this French flate would 
co-operate with cordiality in fupport of the Britifh interefls. The aid 
of this flate could be lead: expelled in the cafe which would mod: 
urgently demand it, and which would require the mod: adlive opera¬ 
tion of the principles of the general defenfive alliance. 

t( In the event of an attack from France upon the Britifh domi¬ 
nions or power in India, it could not be expected that a French flate, 
eredted under the nominal and oflenfible aufpices of Scindiah in Hin- 
doflan, would afford any fubflantial aid to the ally of the Britifh 
power in a contefl againfl France, even if that ally fhould be difpofed 
to aflid: us in fuch a crifis. 

“ On the other hand, no doubt exifls that Scindiah would receive 
the mod: zealous aid from the fame flate, in any attempts which he 
might be difpofed to make, either for the reduction of the Britifh, or 
for the aggrandizement of the French power in India. 

“ In addition to thefe remarks, your excellency is apprifed, that the 
vicinity of Mondeur Perron’s regular infantry operates as a conflant 

* Eftablifhed by the treaty of Hyderabad, concluded In October 1800, and by the 
treaty of BafTein concluded in December 1802. 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


is 


drain upon the population of the company’s provinces, and diminifhes 
the fources of our agriculture, manufactures, commerce, and revenue, 
as well as of our recruits for the army in that quarter. 

“ In the prefent crifis, when every circumftance announces the 
probability of a renewal of the war with France* and urges the necef- 
lity of reforting to every practicable meafure of precaution and fecu- 
rity, the fafety of the Britifh dominions requires the reduction of 
Monfieur Perron’s military refources and power, independently of any 
queftion which might exift between Scindiah and the Britifh govern¬ 
ment. 

“ In a flate of profound peace, and even of alliance with Scindiah* 
the neceffity of providing for our own fecurity would juftify a formal 
demand for the removal of a danger fo imminent from the frontier of 
our dominions. The refufal of Scindiah to comply with fuch a de¬ 
mand, would afford a juft ground of war againft that chief; and any 
true or falfe plea of inability on the part of Scindiah to control the 
movements, or to reduce the power of this French {fate, would autho¬ 
rize and require the Britifh government to affume the protection of its 
own territories, and to remove with its own hand the proximate caufe 
of infecurity and alarm.” 

That this ftate had not, to the knowledge of the governor-general* 
been formerly connected with the government of France, will not be 
deemed to be a circumftance affeCting the governor-general’s view of 
the danger to be apprehended from the formation andgrow 7 th of fuch 
a power in India. That power was fully prepared to afford efficient 
and cordial fupport to the French caufe in India, and to meet the pro¬ 
jects of France with adequate alaerity and zeal. 

The origin and progrefs of Monfieur Perron’s civil and military an- 


16 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


thority are indeed to be afcribed to the diforder and confuflon of the 
Marhatta empire, to the weaknefs and corruption of the council of 
Scindiah, and to the decline of his real interefts and juft dominion* 
The chiefs and commanders of this French ftate were alfo mere mili¬ 
tary adventurers, and its refources were derived from licentious con- 
quefts and boundkfs depredation. Thefe features of its character 
may not, however, appear of fo peculiar a nature, as to have rendered 
it altogether unworthy of adoption by the prefent rulers of France. 

The danger arifing from the condition of the rajah of Berar’s power, 
-with reference to his means of affecting the fecurity of the Britifti em¬ 
pire in India, appeared to be, at the commencement of the war— 

Firft. A military force greatly inferior to Scindiah’s, in point of dis¬ 
cipline, numbers, and artillery, but furniffiing a confiderable acceffion 
to the general ftrength of the confederacy againft the Britifti govern¬ 
ment. 

Secondly. The pofleffion of an extenftve territory, and fome ftrong 
forts, commanding the dominions of the company, and- of the foubah- 
dar of the Dekan, on, feveral vulnerable points. 

Thirdly. The pofleffion of the province of Cuttack, by* which the 
fajah of Berar was enabled to interrupt the communication between 
our northern and fouthern pofleffions, to facilitate the invafion of 
Bengal and of the northern circars, and to obtain the aid of French 
or other European officers or troops, to be landed in the province of 
Cuttack. 

Fourthly. The intermixture of the rajah of Berar’s pofleffions, 
with thofe of the foubahdar of the Dekan, his vexatious claims upom 
the court of Hyderabad, and his confequent influence at that court-* . 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


J7 


Fifthly, The rajah of Berar’s pretenfions to the goyernment of 
Poonah, and the afcendancy and influence which he derives from his 
defcent,* connected with the general magnitude of his dominions and 
refources, with his fuppofed wealth, and with the hoftile fpirit which 
had been manifefted by the ftate of Berar for many years, in counter¬ 
acting the interefts of the Britilh. empire in India. 

Under the preceding review of the means poflefled by Dowlut Rao 
Scindiah, and by the rajah of Berar refpectively, of affecting the fecurity 
of the Britifh empire in India, the molt defirable objects of eventual 
war with thofe chieftains, manifeftly were; with reference to Dowlut 
Rao Scindiah—Firft, the entire reduction of Monfieur Perron’s re¬ 
gular corps. Second, the annexation to the Britifh dominions, of the 
whole of the territory within the doab of the Jumna and Ganges in 
the pofleflion of Monfieur Perron, thereby rendering the river Jumna 
the north-weflern frontier of our dominion in that quarter. Third, 
the occupation of Delhi and Agra, and of a chain of polls on the wefl> 
ern and fouthern bank of the Jumna, luflicient to fecure to the Britilh 
power the free navigation of the Jumna, and the pofleflion of both 
banks of that river. Fourth, the permanent exclufion of the Mar¬ 
iettas from the north-well of Hindollan. Fifth, the ellablilhment 
of a fyllem of defendve alliances with flates of Hindollan, the local 
pofition of whofe territories might form a barrier between the poflef- 
flons of the company and the Mariettas, and fecure the exclufion of # 
the authority and influence of Scindiah from, the north-w 7 ellern divi- 
fion of Hindollan. Sixth, the protection of the perfon and nominal 
authority of his majefty Shah Aulum. Seventh, the occupation of 
the fea-port of Baroach and of the territory annexed to it, together 
with the reduction of Scindiah’s general power in Guzerat. Eighth, 
the ceflion of Scindiah’s territories intermixed with thofe of our allies 


The Rajah of Berar is descended from the Rajahs of Sattarah, 


IS 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


the foubahdar of the Dekan and the peifhwah, and generally the re¬ 
duction of Scindiah’s military power and territorial refources, within 
the limits neceflary for the purpofes of our fecurity, and of the fafety 
and tranquillity of our allies. 

With reference to the rajah of Berar—the occupation of the pro- 
vince of Cuttack, and the ceffion of all the rajah of Berar’s pofleflions 
intermixed with thofe of the foubahdar of the Dekan ; and the general 
reduction of the rajah of Berar’s influence and power within the 
bounds requifite for the fame juft and legitimate purpofes. 

Thefe may be confidered to have Conftituted the neceflary objeCts 
of the war with reference to its original caufes; and thefe objeCts pro¬ 
perly formed the bafis of our demands, in negotiating the terms of 
peace with the confederated chieftains. 

In eftimating the dangers to which the fecurity of the Britifh go¬ 
vernment was eventually expofed, at the commencement of the war, 
by the exiftence, in the hands of the two principal Marhatta ftates, 
of thofe means of injury, which have been defcribed in the preceding 
part of thefe notes, the advantages which the Britifh empire has de¬ 
rived from the permanent removal of thofe dangers by the fuccefles of 
the war, and by the terms of the peace* may be eafily appreciated. 

In the moment of our tnoft brilliant victories, when the rapid and 
glorious fuccefs of our arms had nearly extinguiflied the power both 
of Dowlut Rao Scindiah and the rajah of Berar, and when we pof- 
fefled ample means of entirely fubverting both thofe ftates, by the 
continuance of military operations at that time actually in progrefs, 
the conceflions which the honourable Major-general Wellefley was 
inftruCted to demand from the confederated chieftains, were limited 
to the extent abfolutely neceflary to preclude the revival of the original 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


19 


caufes of the war, and to provide for our permanent fecurity, and for 
the faithful difcharge of the obligation of pofitive engagements, con¬ 
tracted either previoufly to the war, or during the progrefs of hofti- 
lities. 

It would have been neither a juft, humane, nor honourable policy, 
to have infifted upon the reduction of the enemy’s power to any ex¬ 
tent unneceffary to fecure the juft objeCts of the war, and the fafety 
of the Britifh government and its allies. The public duty of the 
governor-general required the employment of every effort to reduce 
the ftrength of the enemy within the bounds prefcribed by the juft 
interefts of the Britifh government and of its allies; but the governor- 
general would have deemed it to have been equally injurious to the 
glory and power of the Britifh government in India, and contrary to 
his duty, to the commands of the honourable company, and to the 
laws and policy of England, to have profecuted war for the purpofes 
of vengeance, aggrandizement, or ambition; or to have urged the fall 
of a vanquifhed enemy beyond the juff limits of national fecurity and 
public faith. Among the principal advantages therefore of the late 
pacification, muff be ranked the maintenance of the national cha¬ 
racter in India, by the moderation, clemency, and juftice, manifefted 
by the Britifh government in the terms of peace, granted to our ene¬ 
mies under circumftances which had placed the exiffence of their re- 
fpeCtive ftates abfolutely at our difpofal. 

Immediately after the reduction of Gawilghur, the honourable 
Major-general Wellefley prepared to purfue the rajah of Berar to 
Nagpoor, the capital of his dominions, and arrangements had been 
adopted for the invafion of Berar from the province of Sumbulpore, 
by the corps employed in that quarter under Lieutenant-colonel 
Broughton, and from Cuttack by the troops under the command of 
Lieutenant-colonel Harcourt. 


20 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


The brilliant and decifive fuccefs of his excellency General Lake, 
and the entire deftru&ion of Scindiah’s power in Hindoftan, left 
General Lake at liberty to detach a force againft the poffeflions of 
the rajah of Berar. In conformity, therefore, to the governor-gene¬ 
ral’s inftrudlions, General Lake prepared a confiderable detachment 
for the purpole of invading Berar from the northern quarter of Hin¬ 
doftan, 

At that period of time, the whole of the rajah of Berar’s poffef- 
fions on the weft fide of the river Wurda, the province of Cuttack, 
and its dependencies, and the provinces of Sumbulpore and Patna* 
had been wrefted from his dominion; and the only ftrong fortrels 
within the limits of his former territories had been reduced by the 
Britifh. arms. 

In this extremity of the rajah of Berar’s affairs, the Britifh govern¬ 
ment granted peace to that chieftain, on terms regulated exclufively 
by confiderations of national fecurity and public faith. 

Previoufly to the conclufion of the feparate treaty of peace with the 
rajah of Berar, the military power of, Dowlut Rao Scindiah had been 
deftroyed in Hindoftan, and deeply wounded in the Dekan, by the 
brilliant fuccefs of the Britifh armies in the field under the command 
of his excellency General Lake and the honourable Major-general 
Wellefley, and the whole of Scindiah’s poffeflions in the north of 
Hindoftan and in the Dekanf had been conquered by the Britifh 
arms, 

* Districts belonging to the rajah of Berar, situated near the western frontier of 
Bengal and Behar. , 

t The Netbuddah river forms the northern boundary of the Dekan, taken In its ge¬ 
neral sense. 


WITH THE MARIIATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


21 


A? footi as Major-general Wellefley had received the treaty of 
Deogaum, ratified by the rajah of Berar, every arrangement was 
adopted/ for the purpofe of employing the whole of the forces 
under Major-general Wellefley’s command againft Dowlut Rao 
Scindiah. In addition to the troops under the perfonal command 
of Major-general Wellefley, a confiderable force had been aflem- 
bled in Guzerat, under Colonel Murray, for the eventual attack of 
Scindiah’s pofTeffions in the province of Malwa; this force being 
left at liberty by the conqueft of Baroach and Powanghur, and of 
all Scindiah’^ pofTeffions in the province of Guzerat, to commence 
©ffenfive operations in Malwa, was ready at this period of time to 
advance diredly upon Scindiah’s capital Ougein, and had actually 
marched to the frontier of Guzerat in the proffecution of that 
defign. 

The conclufion of a feparate peace with the rajah of Berar, alfo 
enabled General Lake to be prepared to dire# the operations of the 
detachment which had been intended for the invafion of Berar, 
againft the fouthern pofTeffions of Scindiah in co-operation with the 
forces under Major-general Wellefley and Colonel Murray. 

Under this fevere prefTure on every quarter of his remaining terri¬ 
tories, Dowlut Rao Scindiah fued for peace, and the terms of the 
peace granted to Dowlut Rao Scindiah in that extremity of his af¬ 
fairs, were regulated by principles of lenity and forbearance to the 
utmoft extent, confident with our juft right of reafonable indemnity, 
and with the fecurity of our pofTeffions, and of the dominions, rights, 
and interefts, of our allies. 

The conCeffions on the part of the e^emy which provide in the 
manner already defcribed for the fecurity of the Britifh government 
againft the return of thofe dangers, which exifted at the cont- 

D 




22 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


mencement of the war, neceffarily comprife additional advantages to 
the caufe of the Britifli government and of its allies. The arrange¬ 
ments deemed to be indifpenfably neceffary for the fecurity of the 
Britifh government and its allies, have augmented and confolidated 
our territorial refources and thofe of his highnefs the Peifhwah, and 
the Soubahdarof the Dekan, the only powers poffefling any juft pre- 
tenfion to participate in the conquefts of the war. Combined with 
other provifions of the peace, thefe arrangements may be confi- 
dered to have fecured the complete accomplifhment of that general 
fyftem of political relations in India, which it has been the uniform 
and approved policy of the governor-general, under the orders of the 
honourable court of directors, to eftablilh, and which experience 
has demonftrated to afford the only means of prefer ving. general tran¬ 
quillity, and confequently, of providing effectually for the permanent 
fecurity and profperity of the Britifli empire in India. 

In order to afford a diftinCt view of the advantages of the late 
pacification, it will be proper in this place to ftate in regular order 
the feveral provifions of the treaties of peace, concluded refpeCtively 
with the rajah of Berar, and with Dowlut Rao Scindiah, accom¬ 
panied by fuch remarks as appear requifite to illuftrate the intent and 
operation of each article refpeCtively, with reference to the treaties 
of partition* concluded between the honourable company and the 
allies, and to the treaty of defenfive alliance and fubfidy, concluded 
between the honourable company and Scindiah. 


1. TREATY OF PEACE WITH THE RAJAH OF BERAR. 

The firft article provides for the permanence of friendlhip, between 
the contracting parties. , 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 23 

- The fecond article conne<5ted with the firft article of the treaties of 
partition, cedes the whole of the province of Cuttack, including the 
port and diftrid; of Balafore, to the honourable company. That pro¬ 
vince conne&s the territory of Bengal with the northern circars. In 
the hands of an enemy, the province of Cuttack w^ould afford pecu¬ 
liar advantages to the profecution of hofti'lities againft the Britifh 
powder. It furnifhes the means of interrupting the communication be¬ 
tween Bengal and all our poffeffions and dependencies in the fouthern 
and weftem provinces of India. That portion of the fea coaft which 
the province of Cuttack includes, together with the port of Balafore, 
would enable a native enemy to receive fuccours from an European 
Hate. An auxiliary French force combined with a Marhatta army 
might thus have affembled on the frontier of our moft valuable ter¬ 
ritories, and might have endangered the fafety of the primary fource 
of the power, wealth, and influence, of the Britifh empire in India. 
In the hands even of a neutral native flate, the province of Cuttack 
prefents a favourable point for the difembarkation of an hoflile Eu¬ 
ropean force, and for an attack upon the Britifh dominions. In the 
hands of the company, the fort and territory of Cuttack furnifhes a 
ftrong additional barrier to all our poffeffions in that quarter, and con- 
folidates every part of our refources and power. 

The intermixture and contiguity of the territories of the company 
and of the Marhattas on the fouthern frontier of Midnapore, occa- 
lioned conflant difputes between the fubje&s of the two govern¬ 
ments, and the ready afylum which robbers and delinquents obtained 
within the Marhatta territories, contiguous to Midnapore, operated 
as an encouragement to the commiffion of every fpecies of outrage 
within the limits of the company’s neighbouring diftri&s. The cef- 
fion of the province of Cuttack and its dependencies, is therefore of 
the utmoft importance, independantly of their financial and com¬ 
mercial value. 


2 4 > 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


The information obtained of the refources of the province of Cut¬ 
tack, is not fufficiently accurate to exhibit a complete report upon 
the revenue of the territory, ceded by the fecond article. By a bate¬ 
ment, however, extracted from the Marhatta records, the revenue of 
Cuttack Proper is eftimated at from fixteen to feventeen lacs of rupees 
per annum. 

The third article of the treaty of Deogaum, provides for the ceffion 
of all the territories, of which the rajah of Berar collected the reve¬ 
nues, in participation with the Soubahdar of the Dekan, and of alL 
the territory which the rajah of Berar poflefled to the weft ward of the 
river Wurdah, eftimated at the annual fum of fixty lacs of rupees. 

By the transfer to the Soubahdar of the Dekan, under the treaty of 
partition, of the territory ceded by this article, all the inconveniences, 
embarraffinents, and hazards, arifing from the intermixture of the 
territories of the Soubahdar of the Dekan, and the rajah of Berar, have 
been removed. Py this article alfo, the dominion of the Soubahdar 
of the Dekan, has been augmented* and confolidated, and a diftinft 
limit has been eftablifhed between the territories of his highnefs and 
of the rajah of Berar. 

The faithful attention which this article, combined with the treaty 
of partition, manifefts to the interefts of our ally the Soubahdar of the 
Dekan, produced the moft favourable impreffion at the court ,of Hy¬ 
derabad, and has tended to cement the ties of alliance, ,as well as to 
render our ally more efficient and ufeful. 

* The diftri&s acquired by the Soubahdar of the Dekan are extremely rich and fer¬ 
tile, and under proper management, would without difficulty yield an annual revenue 
of one million fterling. 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


25 


The arrangements of the fourth and fifth articles which reftore 
to the rajah of Berar the forts of Nernuilah and Gawilghur, together 
with diftridts contiguous to thofe forts, yielding an annual revenue of 
four lacs of rupees, were the refult of a liberal and juft confederations 
for the future fecurity of the rajah’s remaining pofteflions. 

The fixth article provides for the renunciation on the part of the 
rajah of Berar, of all claims of any description on the territories ceded 
by the preceding articles, and on all the territories of his highnefs- the 
Soubahdar of the Dekan. 

By the latter ftipulation, the vexatious pecuniary claims of the 
rajah of Berar on the Soubahdar of the Dekan have been relinquifhed. 
Thofe claims conftituted a perpetual fource of difagreement between 
the two powers, and afforded to the rajah of Berar the means of 
maintaining a confiderable influence, and of profecuting intrigues, at 
the court of Hyderabad, of a nature injurious to the interefts of the 
Britifh government. 

The feventh article of the treaty of Deogaum ftipulates for the 
arbitration of the Britifh government in, all cafes of difference be¬ 
tween the courts, of Poonah and ; Nagpoor. By this ftipulation, the 
Britifh government will be enabled to control the caufes of diflenfioa 
between thofe ftates refpeCtivdy, and the intercourfe between them 
under the operation of this article, will be too limited to-admit the 
fuccefsful profecution of any intrigues injurious- to the intereft of the 
Britifh government. 

The chief objeCt of this article was, to meet the wifhes of the 
rajah of Berar, whofe ambaflador exprefied an anxious defire for 
the interference of the Britifh government, both for the purpofe of 
protecting the rajah of Berar a gain ft all claims of the Peifhwah and 


-6 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


the Soubahdar of the Dekan on his territories, and of fecuring the 
rights of the rajah of Berar, under grants obtained from the Peifhwah* 
or the Soubahdar of the Dekan, or under treaties concluded with 
thofe chiefs. In reply to the propofition of the rajah of Berar’s am- 
baflador upon thefe points, the honourable Major-general Wellefley 
obferved, that without pofleffing accurate information with regard to 
the claims, grants, and treaties* the faith of the Britifh government 
could not be pledged in the manner propofed by the ambalTador ; 
with a view however to meet the wifhes of the rajah of Berar, with¬ 
out incurring the hazard of compromifing the faith of the Britifli 
government, the honourable Major-general Wellefley propofed the 
arbitration of the Britifh government on the terms ftipulated in the 
feventh article of the treaty of Deogaum; to which propofition the 
ambaflador readily aflented, obferving, that the rajah of Berar pof- 
fefled no fecurity againfl: the encroachments of the Peifhwah, but in 
the juflice and generofity of the Britifh government. 

The eighth article of the treaty contains a flipulation for the ex- 
cluflon from the fervice of the rajah of Berar, of the fubjedls of Eu¬ 
ropean or American powers, the governments of which may be at 
war with the Britifh government, and of all Britifli fubje&s, whether 
European or Indian, without the confent of the Britifli government; 
and by the fame article, the Britifh government engages neither to 
affifl: nor to encourage any relations or fubje&s of the rajah of Berar 
In rebellion againfl: that chieftain. 

The experience of the formidable refiftance oppofed to the Britifli 
forces during the late war, by the regular troops of the enemy, under 
the command of European officers, and compofed in a confiderable 
degree of natives of India, fubjedts of the Britilh government, com¬ 
bined with the view w T hich the government of France is known to 
entertain for the aggrandifement of the French power in India, fuf- 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


27 


ficiently demonftrates the importance and advantage of providing for 
the perpetual exclufion of the feveral dalles of perfons, defcribed in 
this article, from the fervice of the native powers to fuch an extent* 
as the governor-general in council may deem confident with the 
fafety of the Britifh interefts in India. 

The indefatigable zeal with which the French nation is difpofed to 
purlue any meafure, calculated to injure the interefts of the Britifh 
government in India, and the confequent neceffity of providing by 
every pra&icable means, for the exclufion of the agents of France 
from the dominions of the native dates, has lately been manifeded by 
the arrival at Poonah, of three French officers, who, (having received 
a commiffion in the Ifle of France from the French captain-general,) 
landed clandeflinely, difguifed in the Afiatic drefs, at a port in the 
Kokun, from a French privateer, (fubfequently captured by his ma- 
jedy’s fhip St. Fiorenzo on the 6th January, 1804,) charged with 
letters or proclamations in the Perfian language, addrefled generally 
to all the native dates of India, for the purpofe of engaging the native 
dates to combine their powers for the dedru&ion of the Britifh em¬ 
pire in this quarter of the globe. Thefe Frenchmen were apprehended 
by his highnefs the peifhwah, at the requifition of the Britifh govern¬ 
ment, under the general provifions of the treaty of Baffein, and four 
of thofe proclamations were found upon them. The prifoners have 
fince been fent to Bengal. The governor-general thought it proper 
not to admit them to their parole for a certain time, in order to deter 
others from engaging in fimilar millions. Under our fubfiding defen- 
five alliance with the peifhwah, in a feafbn of adlual war, in which 
the peifhwah and the company were equally engaged as allies, the 
conduct of thefe Frenchmen would have entitled the governor-general 
to proceed againfl them as fpies, and to have reforted to the means 
warranted by the law of nations in fimilar cafes. 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


The ninth article of the treaty of Deogaum provides for the 're¬ 
sidence of accredited ministers on the part of the Britifh government, 
and of the government of the Rajah of Berar, with thofe governments 
refpe&ively. 

The tenth article of the treaty'of peace with the rajah of Berar, 
which correfponds with the ninth article of the treaty of peace with 
Dow jut Rao Scindiah, recognises and confirms all engagements con¬ 
cluded by the Britifh government with feudatories and dependants of 
the rajah of Berar. The objedt of this flipuiation was not only to 
fecure the benefits which the Britifh government xmight derive from 
fuch engagements, but to enable ns to discharge the obligations of 
our public faith towards the perrons with whom thofe engagements 
might have been contracted. By the confirmation of thefc engage¬ 
ments, under the ftipulations of the treaty of peace with the rajah of 
Berar, the authority and influence of the Mahratta government has 
been completely excluded from all the territories in the vicinity of 
Cuttack and Midnapore, and a barrier has been eftablifhed between 
Bengal, Behar, the province of Cuttack, and the rajah of Berar’s re¬ 
maining territories, compofed of petty Rates,* exercifing an inde- 

# r Rajah of Boad occupying territory contiguous to the south-west fron- 

2 Sonepore, and > tier of Cuttack, and commanding the principal.' passes 

3 Ramghur, \ into that province. 

4 Rajah of Khoonjur, a powerful chieftain, whose territory is situated on the northern 

frontier of the province of Cuttack, and who has always been considered to be indepen¬ 
dant of the Marhatta power, although at the period of the war, that chieftain rented a 
portion of the province of Cuttack. 

5 Zemindars of the district of Mohurbunje, and certain districts belonging to the rajah 
of Berar on the north-east side of the river Soobunreka, and intermixed with the terri¬ 
tories constituting the zemindary of Midnapore. 

6 Zemindars of Sumbulpore and Patna, districts formerly belonging fo the rajah of 
Berar, and situated near the western frontier of Bengal and Behar. 

By the engagements concluded with these respective chieftains, they are exempted 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS, 


29 

pendant authority within their refpe&ive territories under the pro¬ 
tection of the Britifh government. 

By the eleventh article of the treaty of Deogaum, the rajah of 
Berar renounces “ all adherence to the confederacy formed by him 
and other Marhatta chiefs, to attack the honorable company and 
their allies, and he engages not to aflift thofe chiefs, if the war with 
them fhould continue.” 

This article, which contains a diitinft avowal on the part of the 
rajah of Berar, of the confederacy formed by that chieftain and 
Dowlut Rao Scindiah, for the exp refs purpofe of making war upon 
the Britifh government and its allies, deferves particular attention, 
and confirms the juftice and neceffity of the war againfi: the con¬ 
federates. 

The twelfth and lafi: article of the treaty of Deogaum, relates ex- 
clufively to its ratification by the governor-general in council. 

2.—treaty of peace with dowlut rao scindiah. 

The firffc article of the treaty of peace provides for the permanency 
of friendfhip between the contracting parties. 

The fecond article provides for the ceffion to the allies of Dowlut 
Rao Scindiah’s rights and pofleffions in the Doab of the Ganges and 
Jumna rivers, and to the northward of thofe of the rajahs of Jeynagur 

from the payment of tribute to the Marhatta government, and are guaranteed in the 
possession of their respective territories, on the condition of their faithful discharge of 
the duty of tributaries to the honorable company. 

E 


$0 NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 

and Jodepore, and 'o£ the ranah of Gohud, with the exception of 
certain diflricls fpecified in a lubfequent article. 

By this article, combined with the third article of the treaties of 
partition, and the fourth article of the defenfive alliance with Scindiah, 
the authority of the Britifh government has been eflabliffied over the 
whole of the territory formerly occupied by Monfieur Perron. The 
provinces which previoufly to the w'ar, conftituted a ftate under the 
rule of French adventurers, and furnifhed refources for a numerous 
body of regular' infantry, and for a formidable artillery* under the 
dire<5tion of French officers, now form a part of the honorable com¬ 
pany’s pofTeffions, and of the territoral fecurity for the fubfidiary 
payments due from Scindiah to the company ; and the Britifh govern¬ 
ment has been enabled to accompliffi the objects originally propofed, 
“ of rendering the river Jumna the frontier of our dominion in that 
quarter, and of occupying the fortreffes of Delhi and Agra, together 
with a chain of polls on the right bank of the river Jumna, fufficient 
to fecure to the Britifh power the free navigation on that river.” 

Under the provifions of this article alfo, the power and influence of 
the French and of the Marhattas, have been excluded from the north- 
weftern divifion of Hindoftan. 

By the third article, the fort and territory of Baroach, together with 
the fort of Ahmednuggur and its dependant territory, with the excep¬ 
tion of certain diftridls, fpecified in a fubfequent article of the treaty, 
are alfo ceded by Dowlut Rao Scindiah. 

By the ceffion of the territory of Baroach, and under the fourth 
article of the treaties of partition, an annual revenue of about twelve 
lacs of rupees is added to the refources of Bombay, and Scindiah’s 
communication with the fea is Completely precluded. Under the 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS, 


31 


defenfive alliance with Scindiah, this ceffion forms a further part of 
the fecurity for the fubfidy from that chieftain. 

The ceffion of Ahmednuggur, and the conditions annexed to 
Scindiah’s refervation of a portion of the territory dependant on that 
fortrefs, effentially impede Scindiah’s means of interfering in the 
affairs of the court of Poonah, and of affeCting the juft operation of 
the alliance between the Britifh government and the peifhwah; and 
by the treaties of partition concluded at Hyderabad on the 28th day 
ot April 1804, and at Poonah on the 14th day of May 1804, the fort 
and remaining territory of Ahmednuggur is ceded to the peifhwah, 
and will form an important addition to his highnefs’s military ftrength, 
under the protection of the company. 

Under the fourth article of the treaty of peace, Dowlut Rao Scin¬ 
diah cedes all the territories in his poffeffion, at the commencement 
of the war, fituated between the Adjuntee hills and the river Goda- 
very. By this arrangement, Scindiah abandoned all that part of his 
territorial poffeffions which was intermixed with the territory of our 
ally the foubahdar of the Dekan; and the Britifh government was 
enabled, by affigning thofe ceffions to his highnefs the foubahdar, 
under the fixth article of the treaty of partition, to improve* and to 
confolidate his highnefs’s territorial power and refources. 

By the ftipulations of the fifth article of the treaty with Scindiah, 
(which provide for Scindiah’s renunciation of all claims of every de- 
fcription upon the Britifh government and its allies, the Soubahdar 
of the Dekan, the peifhwah, and the guikwar,) every ground of inter¬ 
ference on the part of Dowlut Rao Scindiah in the internal concerns 
of the foubahdar of the Dekan, the peifhwah, and the guikwar, has 


* The annual revenue of these- cessions is estimated at six lacs of rupees. 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


32 

been precluded, and a dangerous fource of intrigue, difturbance, and 
encroachment has been effectually deftroyed. 

The fixth article of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum provides for 
the reftitution to Dowlut Rao Scindiah of the fort of Affeerghur, the 
city of Boorhanpoor, the forts of Powanghur and Dohud, and the 
territories in Candeifh and Guzerat, dependant on thofe forts. This 
article affords a proof of the difpofition of the Britifh government 
to make every conceffion to the enemy, even in the moment of vic¬ 
tory, which might be confident with our fecurity, and with good 
faith towards our allies in the war. 

By the feventh article of the treaty of peace, Dowlut Rao Scindiah 
is allowed to retain poffeffion of the diftriCts of Dholepore, Baree, and 
Rajah-Kerrah, fituated to the northward of the territories of the 
rajahs of Jeynagur and Jodepore, and of the ranah of Gohud, Rated 
by Scindiah to have been long held by his family as a gift from the 
kings of Hindoftan; and by the provifions of the fame article it is 
ftipulated, that certain members of the family of the late Madhajee 
Scindiah, and certain officers of Dowlut Rao Scindiah’s government, 
(who formerly pofTeffed jagheers in the territories ceded by the fecond 
article of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum) fhall either retain poffeffion 
of fuch jagheers, or fhall receive penfions, at the option of the Britifh 
government, provided that the annual value of fuch jagheers, and the 
amount of fuch penfions, do not exceed the fum of feventeen lacs of 
rupees; the fame article alfo precludes the introduction of Scindiah’s 
troops either into the diftriCts of Dholepore, Baree, and Rajah-Kerrah, 
or into the lands eventually to be reflored in Jagheer to Scindiah’s 
family and officers. This prohibitory claufe obviated in a confider- 
able degree the objections to the admiffion of the authority of Dow¬ 
lut Rao Scindiah into the territories of Hindoftan, from which it was 
a principal objeCt of the peace to exclude that chieftain’s power and 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


33 


influence. Thefe conceffions originated principally in a fpirit of con¬ 
ciliation and lenity, which it was the wifh of the governor-general 
to exercife on this occafion, to the utmoft extent compatible with our 
fafety, and with our juft rights and interefts; the Britifh government 
derives at the fame time great advantage from an arrangement, by 
which the fources of the fubfiftance of fome of the principal branches 
of the family of Dowlut Rao Scindiah, and many of his principal 
officers, are placed under the immediate control and authority of the 
Britifh government. 

By the eighth article of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum, certain 
diftricts ftated to have been long in the pofleffion of Scindiah’s fa¬ 
mily, and fituated within the territories of his highnefs the peiffiwah, 
are alfo reftored to Dowlut Rao Scindiah, on the condition that no 
troops ffiall ever be introduced into thofe diftricfts under any pretext 
whatever. Obfervations fimilar to thofe which have been ftated with 
regard to the feventh article, are applicable to the reftri&ions under 
this article of the treaty. 

By the ninth article of the treaty of peace, all engagements con¬ 
cluded between the Britifh government and any of the feudatories or 
dependants of Dowlut Rao Scindiah, are recognifed and confirmed ; 
provided only that the territory, formerly belonging to Dowlut Rao 
Scindiah, and fituated to the fouthward of the territories of the rajahs 
of Jeynagur and Jodepore, and of the ranah of Gohud, (hall not be 
alienated by fuch engagements from the pofleffions of Scindiah. 

The provifions of the ninth article were indifpenfably necefiary to 
enable the Britifh government to fulfil the obligations of faith con¬ 
tracted in the progrefs of the war. They were at the fame time 
eflential to the fecurity of a principal object of the war, namely, the 
eftablifhment of a fyftem of alliances with the ftates of Hindoftan, 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


34 

the local pofleflion of whofe territories might form a barrier between 
the pofTeflions of the company and the Marhattas, and fecure the 
exclufion of the authority and influence of Scindiah, and of France* 
from the north- weftern divifion of Hindoftan. 

With the attainment of that objeCt was combined the immediate 
cffeCt of promoting our fuccefs in the war, by detaching from the 
interefts of Scindiah his tributaries and dependants, and by obtaining 
their co-operation with the Britifh power. Of the engagements 
contracted with the chieftains of Hindoftan, and recognifed by the 
proviflons of the ninth article of the treaty of peace with Dowluf 
Rao Scindiah, thofe which principally contribute to the fecurity of 
the ultimate objeCt of our political arrangements in Hindoftan, are 
the treaties concluded with the ranah* of Gohud, and the rajah of 
Jeynagur. 

By the treaty with the former, the ancient pofTeflions of the ranah 
of Gohud are reftored to the reprefentative of the family, under the 
protection and guarantee of the Britifh government. That chieftain 
is bound to fubfidize three battalions of Britifh troops at the rate of 
nine lacs of rupees per annum. The pofleflion of the fortrefs of 
Gwalior, which commands one of the principal entrances from the 
fouth into the north-weftern divifion of Hindoftan, is permanently 
vefted in the honorable company, and the Britifh government pof- 
fefles the privilege of Rationing its troops in any of the forts or pofi- 

* The ranah of Gohud, although deprived by the usurpation of the late Mhadajee 
Scindiah of his hereditary possessions, retains a considerable influence with the tribe of 
Jauts. He raised a body of troops during the late war by the aid of a sum of money 
which the commander in chief was authorised to advance for that purpose, and was 
actively and successfully employed during the whole course of the war in opposing the 
troops of the enemy, and in discharging the duties of a faithful ally of the British 
government. 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


35 


dons within the territories of the ranah, at whatever time the Britifh 
government may deem expedient, with the exception of the fort of 
Gohud. 

The ranah of Gohud is pledged to employ the whole of his forces 
and his power, in conjunction with the Britifh troops, againft any 
power which fhall ever endeavour to difturb the poffeffions of the 
honourable company; and in the event of war, to employ his troops 
in conformity to the advice and direction of the commanding officer 
of the company’s forces. 

With a view of preferving in the hands of the Britifh government 
the means of checking the growth of diffenfions, tending to produce 
war, and confequently to require the interpofition of our military 
power in the defence of the ranah’s poffeffions, the Britifh government 
referves to itfelf the right of arbitrating any caufe of difpute which 
may eventually arife between the ranah of Gohud and any other ftate 
or chieftain. 

The ranah of Gohud having been relieved from imprifonment and 
diftrefs, and reftored to his hereditary dominion, by the aid and under 
the protection of the Britifh government, it will be manifeft, that 
the ranah of Gohud is in the higheft degree interefted in maintaining 
his attachment to the company; and that the Britifh government 
can at all times command every advantage derivable from the local 
pofition, ftrength, and refources, of the territory of Gohud. 

The treaty concluded with the rajah of Jeynagur,* is founded on 
the bafis of reciprocal aid againft external enemies. The rajah of 
Jeynagur is pledged to employ the whole of his military power and 


Jeynagur is sometimes called Jeypoor, 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


36 

refources in repelling any attempt to invade the pofieffions of the 
honorable company in Hindoftan, and a reciprocal obligation is im~ 
pofed on the Britifh government, with the neceffary refervation of a 
right, on the part of the Britifh government, to arbitrate eventual dif- 
putes for the purpofe of preventing war. The rajah further engages, 
in the event of war, to employ his troops in concert with the Britifh 
forces, in fuch a manner as the commanding officer of the Britifh 
forces may advife and direct. On the other hand, the Britifh govern¬ 
ment is pledged not to interfere in the internal concerns of the rajah’s 
government, nor to demand from him any tribute whatever. 

By this engagement the rajah of Jeynagur is permanently relieved 
from the payment of his accuftomed tribute to Dowlut Rao Scin- 
diah, and from the apprehenfion of future exa<5tions and encroach¬ 
ments on the part of that chieftain, or of any foreign flate. Thefe 
important benefits, which the rajah of Jeynagur derives from his al¬ 
liance with the honorable company, cannot fail to fecure his fidelity 
to the Britifh interefts. 

The engagements which his excellency the commander in chief 
concluded, under the orders of the governor-general, with the rajahs 
of Bhurtpoor * and Macherry,f (and which are alfo recognifed and 
confirmed by the ninth article of the treaty of peace with Dowlut 
Rao Scindiah,) are framed upon the fame principles as thofe of the 

* The rajah of Bhurtpoor is one of the principal chieftains of the tribe of Jauts, and 
possesses a considerable territory, and several forts, in the vicinity of Agra and Muttra, 
on the south-west or right bank of the Jumna. 

f The possessions of the rajah of Macherry are bounded on the south and west by 
the territory of the rajah of Jeynagur, and on the east by that of the rajah of Bhurt¬ 
poor. The local situation and resources of the territory of Macherry, enable the rajah 
of that country materially to assist, or to impede, the incursions of the Marhattas in the 
northern parts of Hindostan. The rajah of Macherry, or the Rao Rajah, is a Rajpoot. 
His capital is Alwar, situated about ninety miles south-west-by-south from Delhi. 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


3 ? 

alliance with the rajah of Jeynagur. Thofe chieftains are guaranteed 
by the Britilh government in the independant podedion of their re- 
fpedtive territories, on the condition of their co-operation with the 
Britifh troops againd an invading enemy, and of fubmitting, in all 
cafes, their difputes to the arbitration of the Britilh government, pre- 
vioufly to engaging in adlual hodilities. 

The local pofition of the territories of thofe chieftains is well cal¬ 
culated to drengthen the barrier oppofed to the attempts of an in¬ 
vading enemy by the countries of Gohud and Jeynagur. The fydem 
of alliances edabliflied by the Britilh government in Hindodan affords 
the means of controling, in a confiderable degree, the primary caufes 
of that diforder and confufion, which, during fo long a period of 
time, have didurbed the territories of Hindodan, and have afforded 
encouragement to the lawlefs ambition, predatory habits, and redlefs 
violence, of the native Hates of Hindodan and the Dekan. The con¬ 
tinuance of thefe diforders mud: tend to adedt the tranquillity and 
fecurity of the company’s contiguous podedions. By controling the 
fources' of dilfenfion among the petty dates of Hindodan, and by 
protecting them from the ambition and rapacity of their more pow¬ 
erful neighbours, thofe dates may be encouraged and enabled to cul¬ 
tivate the arts of peace, in the independant enjoyment of their refpec- 
tive rights. 

The extendon and operation of this fydem mud tend gradually to 
mitigate the turbulent fpirit of fuch of the native dates of India as 
are contiguous to the borders pf our extendve empire, and the fame 
policy promifes to provide the mod folid fecurity for the profperity 
of our valuable podedions, in the concord and tranquillity of furround¬ 
ing powers. Thefe feveral- treaties having been formally recognifed 
and confirmed by the providons of the ninth article of the treaty of 
peace with Dowlut Rao Scindiah, the benefits immediately refulting 

F 


38 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PFACE 


from thofe engagements may juftly be confidered among the advan¬ 
tages of the general pacification. 

The tenth article of the treaty of peace with Dowlut Rao Scindiah 
is directed to the protection of the fubjeCts of Dowlut Rao Scindiah, 
(who might {till be wdthin the limits of hb authority) from the effeCts 
of his refentment for the difpofition which any of them may have ma- 
nifefted to promote the Britifh caufe. This llipulation was ind'ifpcn- 
fable to the prefervation of our good faith. 

The eleventh article of the treaty, (which fecures the peifhwah’s 
territorial rights in Malw r a,) alfo provides for the arbitration-of the 
Britifh government in the event of any difference which may arife, 
with refpeCl to thofe rights, between his highnefs the peifhw r ah and 
Dowlut Rao Scindiah. 

In ftipulating with Dowlut Rao Scindiah for the peifhwah’s refto- 
ration to his territorial rights within the province of Malwa, our gua¬ 
rantee and confequent arbitration of thofe rights was naturally com¬ 
bined with that ftipulation. But it was an obvious principle of po¬ 
licy to render the ftates of the peifhwah and Dowlut Rao Scindiah as 
diftindl as poffible, and to clofe every avenue to intrigue which the 
intercourfe either of cordiality or diffenfion might have opened to the 
machinations of the Marhatta durbars. 

By the twelfth article of the treaty of peace Dowlut Rao Scin¬ 
diah renounces all claims upon his majefty Shah Aulum, and 
engages to abftain from all interference in the concerns of his 
majefty. 

It may be ufeful to ftate in this place, that thelate Madhajee Scin¬ 
diah, after having refcued the unfortunate reprefentative of the 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


39 


houfe of Timour from the fanguinary violence of Gholaum Kaudir *, 
obtained from his majefly the grant of the office of Vakeel-ool-Mut- 
luck, or executive prime miniffer of the Moghul empire for his high- 
nefs the peifhwah ; and was himfelfappointed to execute the functions 
of that office, under the title of deputy ; and that Dowlut Rao Scin- 
diah fucceeded to the office of deputy Vakeel-ool-Mutlock, and to the 
confequent control, which his predeceffor had efiablifhed, over the 
perfon and family of the aged and unhappy monarch of Delhi. In 
the courfe of events Monfieur Perron obtained the office of command¬ 
ant of the fortrefs of Delhi, which is the refidence of the royal family, 
and thus fecured the pofTeffion of the perfon and of the nominal au¬ 
thority of the emperor. Notwithffanding his majefty’s total depriva¬ 
tion of the real power, dominion, and authority, almofl every Rate 
and every clafs of people in India continue to acknowledge his nomi¬ 
nal fovereignty. The current coin of every efiablifhed power is flruck 
in the name of Shah Aulum. Princes and perfons of the higheft 
rank and family flill bear the titles, and difplay the infignia of rank, 
which they or their anceflors have derived from the throne of Delhi, 
under the acknowledged authority of Shah Aulum ; and his ma- 
jefly is flill confidered to be the only legitimate fountain of fimilar 
honors. 

The pride of the numerous clafs of muflulmans in India is gratified 
by a recognition of the nominal authority of the illuflrious reprefenta- 
tive ofthe houfe of Timour, over the territories which once conflituted 
the extenfive and powerful empire of the Moghul and the mufiul- 
mans are flill difpofed to acknowledge the legitimacy of pretenfions or 

* This barbarian deprived his majesty of sight, and treated all the royal family at 
Delhi with the most savage cruelty. Gholaum Kaudir afterwards was taken by Mad- 
hajee Seindiah, and suffered the punishment due to his crimes. 

F 2 . ' , 


40 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


demands, oftenfibly proceeding from the authority of the imperial 
mandate. 

Under thefe circumftances the perfon and authority of his majefty 
Shah Aulum, might form a dangerous inftrument in the hands of any 
ftate pofteffing fufticient power, energy, and judgment, to employ it in 
profecuting views of aggrandizement and ambition. The Moghul has 
never been an important or dangerous inftrument in the hands of the 
Mahrattas ; but the augmentation of Monfieur Perron’s influence and 
power, and the growth of a French intereft in Hindoftan, had given a 
new afpetft to the condition of the moghul, and that unfortunate 
prince might have become a powerful aid to the caufe of France in 
India, under the direction of French agents. 

Whatever may have been the conflrudlion adopted in England of 
the convention of 1 787? with regard to the nature of the French efl;a- 
blifhments in India, the circumftances which attended the arrival at 
Pondicherry of monfieur Binot, and of monfieur de Caen, the captain- 
general of the French commercial eftablifhment in India, together 
with the general conducft of the French landed at Pondicherry, fince 
the conclufion of the peace of Amiens, evidently demonftrate, that it 
was the intention of France to eftablifh a military and political power 
in India. 

This intention will appear manifeft by referring to the annexed 
ftatement* of the eftablifhment formed by the French government, 

* E TAT MAJOR DE L’INDE. 

De Caen, General de Division, Capitaine General, 

Vandermaesen, General de Brigade, Lieutenant de Capitaine General. 

De Morgan, General de Brigade, 

St. Suzanne, Chef de Brigade, Commandant les Troupes* 

Binot, Adjutant Commandant. 


/ 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


41 


the occupation of the French fettlements on the continent of India. 
This eftablifhment actually departed from France in the month of 
March, 1803 ; the greater part of it is at the Ille of France, under the 



ADMINISTRATION. 

Leger, 

Prefet Colonial, 


Cabean 

Faisant fonction de Chef d’Administration. 

De Montigny, 

General de Brigade, 

Commandant a Chandernagore, 

Perfonval, 

Chef de Brigade, 

Commandant a Mahe, 

De Kerjean, 

Chef de Brigade, 

Commandant a Karical, 

Lau, 

- 

Commandant a Cossimbazar, 

De Chaslet, 



De Marlet, 

Garde magazine, 

Karical, 

Du Buc, 

Master-attendant at Pondicherry. 


Arrived at Pondicherry in the frigate La Belle Poule. 
6 .—OFFICERS OF THE 109 th DEMIBRIGADE. 
Monsieur Bloquet, Captain, 

Grabeuil, Id. 

Kocthet, Lieutenant, 

Pesloriere, Id. 

Roudier, Sous Lieutenant, 

Constant, Id. 

8 .—OFF CERS OF SEPOYS. 


M. Pennemaret Mainville, 
De Brun, 

Peheta, 

Chenolt, 

Bechard, 

Bouriet, - 
Peheta, 

Delpor, 


Binot 
Semonin, 
Depon, 
Le Febre, 


Chef des Cipayes, 
Capitaine, 

Id. 

Id. 

- Lieutenant, 

- - - Id. 

Id, . 

- - - Sous Lieutenant, 

<5.—ETAT MAJOR. 

- - Adjutant Commandant, 

- - Capitaine, 

Id. 

- Lieutenant, 


n 


1 




42 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


command of Monfieur de Caen, and the remainder has embarked 
from Madras for France, under the command of Monfieur Binot, ac¬ 
cording to the terms granted to the French who landed at Pondicherry 
in the month of June. 


Le Pay re, 
Le Maire, 
M. Briex, 
Lauriston, 
Douzon, 
Tourneret, 


Secretaire de TEtat Major, 
Id. 

Chef de Legion, ) 2 

Id. \ 

Chirp, en Chef, ) 2 

Pharmacop. en Chef,) 


9.—OFFICERS D’ADMINISTRATION. 
M. Brodelet, 

Marquet,—Garde Magasin, 

Clericean, 

Martin, 

Biin, 

Gombault, 

Petit Lamuscure, 

Ceudenoe, 

Courson. 



ETAT DES VAISSEAUX & DES TROUPES. 

Partis de Brest dans le mois de Mars—Le Vaisseau Le Marengo 74 canons. 

Contre-amiral Linois, 


Le general De Caen passager abord. 

TROUPES. 

Gardes de gouvemeur, - 

Une compagnee d’artillerie legere, - - 

I oprae ^ brigade, - - - 

L’ATALANTE 40 CANONS. 

109 me \ brigade, - 

LA SEMILLANTE 40 CANONS, 
iopme demi brigade, -- . . - 

LA BELLE POULE 40 CANONS. 
109me \ brigade, - - - - - 

LA COTE D’OR TRANSPORT. 


So hommes. 
80 
200 

160 


160 

160 


gme battalion de la 8me legion, 


300 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


4S 


It is evident that the bafis of the French eftablifhment, as it arrived 
in India in 1803 , was abfolutely of a military defcription, and that the 
French government actually appointed for the fervice of India a mili¬ 
tary {taff, conftru&ed upon an extenfive fcale, and capable of furnifh- 
ing officers for a confiderable army. The intentions of the French 
with regard to the repair of their former fortifications, or to the con- 
ihrudlion of new works, were not declared; but the nature of the 
eftablifhment which arrived in India leads to the neceflary inference 
that it was the intention of France to avail herfelf of every opportu¬ 
nity to flrengthen and extend her military refources and power in 
India. 

The transfer of the civil and military government of the Carnatic 
to the hands of the company oppofed great difficulties to the political 
intrigues of the French, who arrived under monfieur Binot; w T hilethe 
vigilance of the government of Fort St. George rendered all commu¬ 
nication between the French at Pondicherry and the native powers of 
India nearly impracticable ; but abundant proof exifts that the French 
arrived in India with the raoft hoftile fpirit, and with an anxious foli- 
citude to avail themfelves of every opportunity of founding among the 
native powers a fyltem of political intrigue, and ultimately of rival 
influence, for the purpofe of impairing the Britifh power in this quar¬ 
ter of the globe. 

If any doubt could be entertained of the views of the French in this 
refpeCt that doubt w 7 ould be removed by the tenor of documents ob- 

2me CONVOI. 

Le Belier, corvette de 16 canons. 

' . : r : . 

Le Malabar, autre transport devant porter un battalion de Noir Africans, sous le 

nom de chasseurs Africains. * ' 

La division destinee pour 1 ’Isle de France deVait partir sous peu ; elle doit etre 
considerable. 


44 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


tained at Pondicherry and Calcutta, and tranfmitted by the governor- 
general to the right honourable lord Hobart, one of his majefty’s fecre- 
taries of flate. 

With a view to afford a diflinft proof of the project in the contem¬ 
plation of the government of France, with refpedt to the emperor 
Shah Aulum, it may be advifeable to infert in this place a tranflation 
of an extract from one of thofe documents. That document was 
obtained at Pondicherry from an officer who accompanied general 
De Caen to India, and is entitled, “ A Memorial on the prefent 
“ Importance of India, and on the molt efficacious Means of re- 
“ eftablifhing the French Nation in its ancient Splendor in that 
“ Country.” 

tc Such has been the treatment received from a company of mer¬ 
chant adventurers by the emperor of Hindoffan, the foie branch of the 
illuflrious houfe of Timour; fo revered throughout the Eafl that his 
fovereignty is univerfally acknowledged, although his power is no 
more ; and the Englifh company derived its own conftitutional power 
from his infinite goodnefs. It is evident that Shah Aulum ought to be 
the undifputed fovereign of the Moghul empire, as the grcat-grandfon 
of Aurung Zebe, the tenth fucceffor in a line from Tamerlane. This 
great queflion, with refpedl to the fovereignty of the empire, being 
decided, it remains to confider whether it is not poffible that the 
branches of this unfortunate family may find at fome time protestors, 
who fhall affert their facred rights, and break their ignominious chains. 
It will be then that a mutual alliance and a judicious union of powers 
fhall fecure the permanent fovereignty of the emperor, and render his 
immediate fubjedts, as well as his tributaries, happy in the enjoyment 
of perfonal feeurity, and of that wealth which fprings from peace, 
agriculture, and a free trade. 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


45 


<l The Englifh Company, by its ignominious treatment of the great 
Moghul, has forfeited its rights as Dewan and treafurer of the empire; 
the nawaubs of Oude and of Bengal are equally criminal, becaufe they 
have aCted as traitors towards their lawful fovereign ; thus the emperor 
of Delhi has a real and indifputable right to tranfmit to whomfoever 
he may pleafe to feleCt, the foyereignty of his dominions, as well as the 
arrears due to him from the Englifh. Thefe arrears of the tribute of 
twenty-fix lacks of rupees promifed by the company, with the intereft 
of the country added, will amount at this prefent time, to four hundred 
and fifty-two millions of livres tournois, a fum which greatly exceeds 
the value of the company’s moveable capital.” 

No doubt therefore remains, that it was the intention of the go¬ 
vernment of France, after the conclufion of peace, to eftablifh, on the 
foundation of her poffeffions in India, a political and military ftate, 
and to ftrengthen and augment it by every practicable connection with 
the native ftates of India, and by every art of indefatigable intrigue 
and fyftematic ambition. The fyftem of introducing French adven¬ 
turers into the armies of the native ftates, for the improvement of their 
difcipline and efficiency, had been found to afford the readied: and 
moft effectual means of eftabliffiing the influence and authority of the 
French in the government of thofe ftates, and gradually of ereCting for* 
France in India, an independent territorial and military power within 
the limits of a foreign dominion. The extenfion and improvement 
of this fyftem during the continuance of peace, would undoubtedly 
have conftituted a principal objeCt of the attention of the government 
of France in India; and adverting to the facilities, which would have 
been afforded to the views and projeCls of the French, by the extent 
of territorial and military power and independence eftablifhed under 
the direction of Monfieur Perron, in the north-weft of Hindoftan, it 
cannot be doubted, that under the continuance of peace between his 
Majefty and France, and between the Britiffi government and the 

G 


46 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


Marhatta Hates, the progrefs of French intrigue, and the aggrandize¬ 
ment of the French power in India, would have been mod rapid and 
dangerous to our fecurity. In the profecution of thefe views, the 
French would manifeftly have derived effential aid from the poffeffion 
of the perfon and-family of the emperor Shah Aulum. The name 
of that monarch would have been employed tojuftify exaction, vio¬ 
lence, and encroachment, and under the plea of reftoring his majefty 
to his hereditary dominion, the power of France in India might have 
been directed to the fubverfion of every Hate, and to the appropriation 
of every territory, unprotected by alliance with the Britifh nation. 
The emperor might have been compelled to conftitute the territorial 
poffeffions of France in India, an independent fovereignty ; and under 
the plea of poffeffing fovereign authority, the proceedings of the go¬ 
vernment of France in India might have proved, in the higbeft degree, 
injurious to the interefls and fecurity of the Britifh empire in this 
quarter. 

Independently of the confiderations above Hated, adverting to the 
degree of veneration with which the illuftrious defeendant of Timour is 
regarded by all dalles of people in India, (and cfpeciall.y by the ciafs of 
MufTulmans,) and to the Hate of indignity and mifery to which that 
. unfortunate monarch had been reduced under the oppreffive control 
of the Marhattas and the French, the governor-general in council 
confidered, among the moll important political benefits of that ar¬ 
rangement, the reputation which the Britifh name would acquire, 
by affording an honorable and tranquil afylum to the fallen dignity 
and declining age of the king of Delhi, and by fecuring the means of 
comfort to his majefty’s numerous* and diftreffed family. 


* There are fifty sons and daughters of the emperor; the monthly stipend allowed to 
each of the princes of the imperial family, by the French and Mahrattas, did not exceed 
fifteen rupees, or about two pounds sterling. The monthly sums disbursed by Monsieur 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


4 *7 


By the thirteenth article of the treaty of peace with Dowlut Rao 
Scindiah, which correfponds with the eighth article of the treaty of 
Deogaum, that chieftain engages never to take or retain in his fer- 
vice any Frenchman, or the fubjeffc of any European or American 
power, the governments-of which may be at war with the Britifh 
government; or any Britifh fubjedt, whether European or native of 
India, without the confent of the Britifh government. The general 
obfervations Rated in favour of the eighth article of the treaty of 
Deogaum, apply w T ith peculiar force to this article. 

The fourteenth article flipulates for the refidence of accredited 
minifters on the part of the Britifh government, and of the govern¬ 
ment of Dowlut Rao Scindiah, with thofe governments refpedtively. 
The advantage of fecuring fuch intercourfe by treaty is too obvious to 
require explanation. 

The fifteenth article of the treaty of Surje Anjertgaum provides for 
the eventual admiffion of Dowlut Rao Scindiah, to the benefits of a 
defenfive and fubfidiary alliance with the Britifh government, on terms 
fimilar to thofe of the alliance between the Britiili government and 
the Peifhwah. The general principles on which a treaty of defenfive 
and fubfidiary alliance with Dowlut Rao Scindiah was at all times de- 
firable, are the fame as thofe which didlated the policy of the treaty 
of Baffein, concluded with his highnefs the Peifhwah. The intention 
of the Governor-general to conclude fuch a treaty with Scindiah, 1 at a 
favourable opportunity, was fubmitted to the government in England, 
at the fame time that the renewal of the negotiation with the Peifh¬ 
wah, for the conclufion of defenfive engagements, was communicated 

Drugeon, (who had charge of the person of the emperor,) were, for the expences of his 
majesty, royal family, dependants, establishments, &c. about seventeen thousand rupees, 
(about 2,125^. sterling.) 


43 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


to the court of dire&ors, through their fecret committee ; and the 
refident with Dowlut Rao Scindiah actually proceeded to the court of 
that chieftain, previoufly to the war with the confederate Marhatta 
chieftains, in the month of December 1801, charged with inftru<5lions 
to negotiate the terms of a defenfive alliance with Dowlut Rao Scin¬ 
diah, at the time when the negotiation with his highnefs the Peifhwah 
for the fame purpofe, was in progrefs. 

Thefe negotiations were intimately conne&ed, and may be confider- 
cd to conftitute branches of the fame fjfiiem. With a view to preferve 
the integrity of that combined fyftem of defenfive arrangement with 
thefe two principal members of the Marhatta confederacy, the refident 
at the court of Dowlut Rao Scindiah was ftridtly enjoined to regulate 
his proceedings by the progrefs of the negotiation at the court of his 
highnefs the Peifhwah. 

Thefe general confiderations were alfo ftrongly corroborated by the 
relative condition of Scindiah’s power and refources at the conclufion 
of peace. 

In the courfe of the war with the confederated Marhatta chieftains, 
the power and refources of Dowlut Rao Scindiah had been greatly re¬ 
duced, while thofe of Jefwunt Rao Holkar had been augmented, by a 
confiderable acccfiion of territory, which had been ceded to him by 
Dowlut Rao Scindiah, on the condition of his joining the confederacy 
againfi: the Britifh power. The nature of the differences fubfifting 
between Dowlut Rao Scindiah and Jefwunt Rao Holkar, precluded all 
expe&ations of concord and amity between thofe chieftains. 

In the a&ual condition of Dowlut Rao Scindiah’s power, at the clofe 
of the war, that chieftain could not reafonably entertain any profpedl of 
fuccefs in a contefl with Jefwunt Rao Holkar. Unaided therefore by 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


4-9- 


a foreign power, the dominion of Dowiut Rao Scindiah, would pro¬ 
bably have been added to that of his rival Jefwunt Rao Holkar; fuch 
an accumulation of territorial Rrength in the hands of that turbulent 
freebooter, would have been utterly incompatible with the tranquillity 
of India, and with the fecurity of the Britifh government and its allies. 
The danger which the miniRers of Dowiut Rao Scindiah apprehended 
from the fuperior power, and hoRile difpofition of Jefwunt Rao Hol¬ 
kar, induced them in the courfe of the negotiations for the conclufion 
of peace, to exprefs great anxiety for the eRablifhment of a clofer con¬ 
nexion with the Britifh government, and the confiderations of policy 
above defcribed, fuggeRed the expediency of offering to Dowiut Rao 
Scindiah’s acceptance, the benefits of the defenfive and fubfidiary al¬ 
liance, concluded with his highnefs the Peifhwah. 

The treaty of defenfive alliance concluded between the Britifh go¬ 
vernment and Dowiut Rao Scindiah, correfponds with all the Ripula- 
tions of the treaty of Hyderabad, concluded in the month of OXober 
1800 , excepting only with refpeX to the extent of the fubfidiary force, 
and its permanent continuance within the territory of the fubfidizing 
power. The Britifh force fubfidized by Dowiut Rao Scindiah, con- 
fiRs of fix battalions of infantry, or fix thoufand men, with a due pro¬ 
portion of artillery; and that force is to be Rationed at fuch place, 
near the frontier of Dowiut Rao Scindiah’s territories, as may be deem¬ 
ed moft eligible by the Britifh government, and is to be liolden in rea- 
dinefs for the execution of any fervice, on which it is liable to be em¬ 
ployed by the conditions of the defenfive treaty. However defirable it 
might be to Ration the fubfidiary force permanently within thedomi- 
nions of Dowiut Rao Scindiah, it is evident, that in the aXual condi¬ 
tion of the feveral native Rates of India, every effential purpofe of the 
defenfive alliance with Dowiut Rao Scindiah, has been attained by the . 
terms of the treaty, aXually concluded with that chieftain. 


so 


NOTES RELATIVE TO T&E PEACE 


That treaty renders whatever may remain of the power of Scindiah, 
an additional bond of the general peace, and of the fafety and ftrength 
of the Britifh power ; nor can any juft apprehenflon be entertained of 
the growth of any diforder dangerous to our interefts in India, while 
Scindiah’s reduced power fhall depend for its exiftence upon the Bri- 
tifh government. The growth of the hoftile power of Myfore from 
the year 1702 to 1708, might probably have been controlled, or even 
converted to the purpofe of our fecurity, had it been poftible to induce 
Tippoo Sultaun to enter into a fubfldiar)' alliance with the company, at 
the clofe of the war in 17Q2. 

The power of Tippoo Sultaun however had not been reduced by 
that war to fuch a fcale, as to induce his haughty and vindictive cha¬ 
racter toliften to any terms of alliance with the company. Such has 
been the reduction of Scindiah’s refources of every defer iption by the 
late w T ar, that his exiftence as a power in India, depends abfolutely 
upon the generality of the company, and cannot be fuftained w ithout 
our aCtive aid. Under fuch circumftances, the power of Scindiah no 
longer remains an objeCt of apprehenflon. to the Britifh government; 
nor can Scindiah view with jealouly, the protecting influence of that 
ftate, to whofe clemency he is abfolutely indebted for the reftoration, 
and on whofe ftrength he muft rely for the fecurity, of every pofleftion 
which he retains. 

The defenflve alliance concluded with Dowdut Rao Scindiah, under 
the ftipulations of the treaty of peace, therefore, combined with the 
provifions of the treaty of Baflein, has precluded any future combina¬ 
tion of the Mahratta ftates of a nature dangerous to the Britifh em¬ 
pire,* and has oppofed a permanent and infuperable obftacle to the re¬ 
vival of Scindiah’s military ftrength, beyond the fcale, which may be 
deemed by the Britifh government ro be confiftent with the fecurity of 
our interefts. This important treaty not only precludes the eventual 


WITH THE MARII ATT A CHIEFTAINS. 


51 


employment of Dowlut Rao Scindiah’s remaining power again# the 
Britifli government, under any contingency, but fecufes the eventual 
application of that power to purpofes, conne< 5 led with the fafety of the 
Britifbi empire in India. 

The fixteenth article of the treaty of peace with Scindiah, provides 
for the ratification of the treaty by the Governor-general in council, 
and preferibes, that the. orders for the ceffions of territory, ftipulat- 
ed in the treaty, fhall be delivered to the honourable Major-general 
Wellefley, at the fame time with the ratification of the treaty ot 
peace; but that certain forts, which by the terms of the treaty are to 
be reftored to Scindiah, fhall not be delivered up to Scindiah’s officers, 
until certain information fhall have been received, that all the territo¬ 
ries ceded to the Britifli government and its allies, have been evacuated 
by Scindiah’s officers and troops. 

With a view to exhibit a ffatement of the advantageous operation 
of the arrangements of the general pacification upon all the inte.refls 
of the company, and of the nation in India, it will be proper to con¬ 
clude thefe notes by a general recapitulation of the benefits, which the 
Rritifh government in India has derived from the fuccefs of the war, 
and from the combined arrangements of the pacification, including the 
treaties of peace, of partition, and of defenfive alliance and fubfidy. 
Thofe benefits may be enumerated under the following heads: 

Firft. The redu&ion of the military power and territorial refources 
of Dowlut Rao Scindiah, and the rajah of Berar, within the limits 
indifpenfably neceflary for the fecurity of the Britifli government in 
India,, and of its allies. 

Second. The deffru&ion of the French territorial power, effoblifhed 
by Monfieur Perron, on the mo# vulnerable part of the frontier of the 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


si" 

Britifh pofTeffions in India, under circumftances of internal flrengtb, 
military refources, and political influence, which menaced the Britifh 
government with great and extenfive dangers. 

Third. The barriers oppofed by the flipulations of treaty to the re¬ 
vival of the French power and influence in any quarter of India. 

Fourth. The annexation to the Britifh pofTeffions of the territory 
formerly occupied by the French force under Monfieur Perron. Under 
this acceffion of territory, our north-weftern frontier has been flrength- 
ened, by being advanced to the banks of the Jumna, and by the oc¬ 
cupation of the feveral important pofts and fortreffes which command 
that river. From the fource of former danger we now derive addi¬ 
tional fecurity to the Britifh pofTeffions in India. 

Fifth. The augmented fources of revenue and commerce acquired 
by the annexation to the Britifh territories of the fertile countries 
fituated in the doab of the rivers Jumna and Ganges, (in which the 
authority of Monfieur Perron had been eflablifhed) combined with 
the complete command over the navigation of the Jumna. 

Sixth. The deliverance of the Emperor Shah A-ulum from the con¬ 
trol of the French power eldabliffied in the north-weftern quarter of 
Hindoftan, by which the government of France has been deprived of 
a powerful inflrument in the eventual profecution of its hoftile defigns 
againft the Britifh empire in India; and the Britifh government has 
obtained a favorable opportunity of conciliating the confidence, and 
fccuring the applaufe of furrounding flates, by providing a fafe and 
tranquil afylum for the declining age of that venerable and unfortu¬ 
nate monarch, and a fuitable maintenance for his numerous and dif- 
trefifed family. 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


S3 


Seventh. The eftablifhment of the Britifh influence in the north- 
weftern divifion of Hindoftan, and the additional fecurity acquired by 
the conclufion of treaties of defenfive alliance with the rajpoot ftate of 
Jeynagur, and with the petty ftates in the vicinity of our pofleffions 
in that quarter. Thofe ftates, under the operation of the alliances 
concluded with them, conftitute a barrier between the Britifli territo¬ 
ries and the Marhatta ftates, which arrangement, with other ftipula- 
tions of the pacification, fecures the permanent exclufion of the in¬ 
fluence and control of the Marhattas from the north-weftern quarter 
of Hindoftan. 

Eighth. The commanding pofition which the Britifli government 
has fecured by the pofleffion of the ftrong fortrefs of Gwalior, and by 
the eftablifliment of a fubfidiary force within the territory of the ranah 
of Gohud, under the conditions delcribed in the treaty concluded 
with the ranah of Gohud. This branch of the general arrangements of 
the peace contributes in a particular degree to maintain the tranquil¬ 
lity of Hindoftan, and to confolidate the barrier eftabliffied for the 
exclufion of the Marhatta power and influence from that quarter of 
India. The fame arrangements alfo conneCt our pofleffions in Bun- 
delcund with thofe to the northward of the province of Gohud, and 
provide additional fecurity to the navigation of the Jumna, and addi¬ 
tional protection to our valuable pofleffions in the Doab, from the 
Jioftile attempts of any regular ftate, or from the predatory incurfions 
of any enterprizing adventurer. 

Ninth. The additional means of defence acquired by the eftab- 
liftied fyftem of our external relations in the north-weftern quarter of 
Hindoftan, againft any attempt on the part of the northern powers of 
Afia, or of the French republic, through the aid of thofe powers, to 
difturb the fecurity of the Britifli pofleffions in India. 


H 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


H 

K Tenth. The augmented fecurity which the Britifh. empire derives 
from the annexation of the valuable province of Cuttack, (including 
the fea-port of Balafpre, and all the dependancies of that province,) to 
the Britifh dominions, ift, By eftablifhing between the province of 
Midnapore and the northern circars a continuatioh of the Britifh do¬ 
minion and authority, and thereby completing the line of connexion 
between the territories under the immediate government of Bengal, 
and thofe under the authority of Fort St. George. 2dly, By depriving 
the government of France of the facilities which the province of Cut¬ 
tack, while in the poffeffion of a native power, afforded, for the pro- 
fecution of intrigues, injurious to the Britifh interefts, and for the inva- 
fion of the Britifh territories, either fingly, or in co-operation with a 
native power. 3 dly, By the advantages which our poffeffion of the 
province of Cuttack would afford to us in the event of a conteft with 
the flate of Berar. And, 4 thly, the augmented fources of revenue 
and commerce opened to the Britifh government, by the poffeffion of 
that fertile and valuable province, and by the influence and reputa¬ 
tion to be acquired throughout India, from the poffeffion of the great 
temple of Jaggernaut, and from the juft and benevolent adminiftra- 
tion of the affairs of that temple, with relation to the innumerable 
pilgrims who frequent it from, every part of India. 

Eleventh. The aequifition of the port and territory of Baroach, 
and of the fea-ports belonging to Scindiah on the weftern fide of 
India, which afforded to Scindiah, and to the French officers in his* 
fervice, the means of intercourfe with the government of France 
and to the French an eafy accefs to the Marhatta ftates in a quarter, 
where our military power was lefs formidable, and our political in¬ 
fluence lefs firmly eftablifhed, than in other parts of India. 

Twelfth. The degree of fecurity afforded by the poffeffion of the> 
fea-port and territory of Baroach againft any attempt on the part of 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


55 

France to fupply by that channel any native Rate with arms and 
military ftores, or with officers, for the purpofe of difciplining their 
armies, and againft the profecution of any intrigues between the go¬ 
vernment of France and any native ftates, by means of the facility of 
communication, which the fea-port and territory of Baroach might 
afford while in the hands of a Marhatta power, to the indefatigable 
.zeal of French emiflaries. 

Thirteenth. The additional fecurity which our pofleffions and in- 
terefts in Guzerat muft derive from the pofTeffion of the port and 
territory of Baroach, and from Dowlut Rao Scindiah’s renunciation 
of all claims on our ally the guikwar. 

Fourteenth. The augmented fources of revenue and commerce 
acquired by the poffeffion of the port of Baroach and its diftri<ft. 

Fifteenth. The improved Rate of our alliances with the foubahdar 
of the Dekan and the peifhwah, under the provifions of the treaties of 
peace and of partition. By the combined operation of thofe treaties, 
the power, territory, and refources of the peifhwah and the foubahdar 
of the Dekan, have been encreafed and confolidated, and their means 
of difcharging the duties of alliance have been confequently augment¬ 
ed. The confidence of thofe allies in the power, juftjice and modera¬ 
tion of the Britiffi government, has been confirmed and increafed by 
their experience of the advantages of the alliance in the profecution 
of the war, and in the ultimate arrangement of the peace. 

The ftipulations of the treaties of peace have, in a confiderable de¬ 
gree, removed the caufes of diflention and the means of political in¬ 
trigue between our allies and the Marhatta ftates, by precluding the 
future intermixture of their territories, and the confequent collifion of 
their authorities, by requiring from Dowlut Rao Scindiah and the 


56 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


rajah of Berar the renunciation of their claims on the foubahdar of 
the Dekan and the peifhwah, and by veiling in the Britifh government 
a right of arbitration, in all cafes of difference which may arife be¬ 
tween thofe powers refpe&ively. Thus the influence and afcendancy 
of the Britifh government in the counfels of Hyderabad and Poonah, 
have been encreafed and permanently eflablifhed, not by limiting the 
authority, controling the independence, or reducing the power, of 
thofe flates, but by the operation of arrangements, which have eman¬ 
cipated their refpe&ive fovereigns from the undue and illicit influence 
and control of their own fervants and tributaries; have confirmed and 
corroborated their refpe&ive rights/authorities, and independance; 
extended their dominion, confolidated their power, and augmented 
their refources; fecured them from the vexatious claims, and litigious 
and infolent interference of other powers, and eflablifhed the fources 
of permanent tranquillity and profperity within the limits of their re¬ 
spective dominions. 

Our influence and afcendancy in the counfels of thofe allies are 
now founded on the folid bafls of their entire and eflablifhed confi¬ 
dence in the approved equity and moderation of our views, and of 
their jufl reliance on our protecting power. 

Sixteenth. The elevation of the fame and glory of the Britifh 
nation in India, by the fplendid achievements of the Britifh arms 
in the profecution of the war, and by the clemency, moderation, and 
public faith, which diflinguifhed the Britifh councils in the conclu- 
fion of the peace. 

Seventeenth. The conclufion of a defenfive and fubfidiary alliance 
between the Britifh government and Dowlut Rao Scindiah, by which 
the Britifh influence has been completely eflablifhed at the court of 
that chieftain, on the foundation of Dowlut Rao Scindiah’s delibe- 


WITH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


57 


rate view of the real intereffs of his government, and by which the 
moft formidable enemy of the Britifh power in the late conteff with 
the confederated Marhatta chieftains, has been rendered an efficient 
ally of the honorable company. 

Eighteenth. The power acquired by the Britifh government under 
the general arrangements of the peace, and the treaties of partition 
and fubfidiary alliance, of controlling the caufes of diffention and 
conteft among the feveral Marhatta {fates, and of precluding the 
refforation of any of thofe {fates to a formidable degree of power, 
their combination for purpofes injurious to the Britifh government or 
its allies, their communication and co-operation with an hoffile Eu¬ 
ropean force, and their means of profecuting dangerous intrigues with 
allies or fubje&s of the Britifh government. 

Nineteenth. The fecurity afforded to the territories of our allies, 
the Soubahdar of the Decan, the Peifhwah, the Guikwar, the Rajah 
of Myfore; and to the dominions of the honorable company, from 
the dangers to which they were expofed by the anarchy and confufion 
exifting in the Marhatta empire, and by the character and habits of 
the contending Marhatta chieftains. 

The general arrangements of the pacification, combined with 
the treaties of partition, with the defenfive and fubfidiary alliance 
now concluded with Dowlut Rao Scindiah, with the condition of 
our external relations, and with the internal profperity of the Britifh 
empire, have finally placed the Britifh power in India in that com¬ 
manding pofition with regard to other {fates, which affords the only 
poffible fecurity for the permanent tranquillity and profperity of thefe 
valuable and important poffeffions. 

By the effablifhment of our fubfidiary forces at Hyderabad and 


58 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE 


Poonah, with the Guikwar, Dowlut Rao Scindiah, and the Ranah 
of Gohud, an efficient army*' of upwards of 24,000 men will be 
Rationed .within the territories, or on the frontier of foreign Rates, 
and paid by foreign fubfidies.—That army will be conRantly main¬ 
tained in a Rate of perfect equipment, and prepared for adtive fer- 
vice in any direction at the ffiorteR notice. This force may be di¬ 
rected againR any of the principal Rates of India, without the hazard 
of diRurbing the tranquillity of the company’s pofleffions, and with¬ 
out requiring any confiderable increafe to the permanent military 
expences of the government of India. 


* At Hyderabad, 


At POONAH, 


-{ 


WithDoWLUTRAoSciNDIAH, ^ 

With the Guikwar, - - 

With the Ranah of Gohud, 


1 Regiment of Europeans. 

6 Battalions of sepoys. 

2 Regiments of native cavalry. 

2 Companies of European artillery. 

1 Company of pioneers. 

6 Battalions of sepoys. 

Companies of European artillery. 
Regiment of native cavalry. 

6 Battalions of sepoys. 

2 Companies of European artillery. 

2 Battalions of sepoys. 

Company of European artillery. 

3 Battalions of sepoys. 


Grand total, - i Regiment of Europeans. 

3 Regiments of native cavalry. 

23 Battalions of native infantry. 

1 Company of pioneers. 

The advantage of an arrangement, by which the charges of so, considerable a propor¬ 
tion of the established military force of India is defrayed by foreign subsidies, will be 
duly appreciated ; and adverting to the constant preparation and equipment in which the 
subsidiary force must be maintained, an accurate estimate will be formed of the in¬ 
fluence and security, which the British government, must derive from the establishment 
of so formidable a force in positions, calculated at the same time to repel external ag, 
gression, and to secure the maintenance of tranquillity within, tlie flourishing and ex¬ 
tensive possessions of the company in India. 





WitH THE MARHATTA CHIEFTAINS. 


59 


The pofition, extent, and equipment of this military force, com¬ 
bined with the privilege which the Britifh government poffeffes of 
arbitrating differences and diffentions between the feveral ftates with 
which it is connected by the obligations of alliance, enable the Britifh 
power to control the caufe of that internal warfare, which during 
fo long a term of years, has defolated many of the moft fertile pro¬ 
vinces of India, has occafioned a conftant and hazardous fluctuation 
of power among the native ftates, has encouraged a predatory fpirit 
among the inhabitants, and formed an inexhauftible fource for the 
fupply of military adventurers, prepared to join the ftandard of any 
turbulent chieftain for the purpofe of ambition, plunder, or re¬ 
bellion. 

No danger can refult from the operation of our defenflve alliances 
of involving the Britifh government in war, excepting in cafes of 
manifeft juftice and irrefiftible neceffity. The power of arbitration 
referved in all cafes by the Britifh government, not only fecures the 
company from the contingency of war in the profecution of the un¬ 
juft views of any of our allies, but affords a confiderable advantage in 
authorifing, and empowering the Britifh government to check, by 
amicable negotiation, the primary and remote fources of hoftilities in 
every part of India. 

A bond of connexion is now eftablifhed between the Britifh go-- 
vernment, and all the great ftates of India, on principles which ren¬ 
der it the intereft of every ftate to maintain its alliance with the Britifh 
government, preclude the inordinate aggrandizement of any of thofe 
ftates by an ufurpation of the rights and poffeflions of others, and 
fecure to every ftate within the limits of its eftablifhed dominion, the 
unmolefted exercife of its feparate authority, under the general pro¬ 
tection of the Britifh power. 


60 


NOTES RELATIVE TO THE PEACE, &c. 


The agitation which is the neceffary confequence of a long courfe 
of war and tumult, cannot be expeCted to fubfide immediately upon 
the conclufion of the treaties between the belligerent powers; the 
habits and characters of various chiefs and claffes of the people in 
India, will alfo naturally tend to protraCt the continuance of com¬ 
motion, until the more powerful and durable caufes, arifing from the 
fettlement of peace among the principal ftates, fhall have produced 
a full effeCt, by diffufing the principles of general tranquillity and 
good order. In this interval, temporary interruptions of the tran¬ 
quillity of particular diflricts may be occafioned by predatory incur- 
fion, or by local diforder; and the lawlefs violence of freebooters and 
robbers, in the early operation of feveral treaties, may require cor¬ 
rection. But the comprehenfive and permanent policy of the pacifi¬ 
cation, which has been concluded, will not be effentially affeCted by 
thefe local and temporary difturbances. The refult of the war, and 
the conditions of the peace, have left no ftate in India of fufficient 
magnitude or force, to fhake the foundations of the general fyftem 
of defenfive alliance , founded upon principles of juftice, directed to 
the falutary objeCt of general tranquillity, and fupported by adequate, 
flrength, that fyftem promifes in the progrefs of time, to conciliate 
the attachment of thofe great ftates, whofe interefts it embraces, and 
to command the refpeCt of other powers. 


END OF THE NOTES. ‘ 


TREATIES 

Concluded with fevered Chieftains in Hindofan, in conformity to 


IiiftruSfionsfrom the Governor-General, viz. 

No. 1 . Rajah of Berar, on the 17 th Dec. 1803, - page 03 

No. 2 . Treaty of Peace and Friendfhip with Dowlut Rao 

Scindiah, on the 30th Dec. 1803, - - 0 7 

No. 3, Treaty of Alliance with Dowlut Rao Scindiah, on 

the 2 . 7 th Feb. 1804, - - -73 

No. 4. Rajah of Bhurrutpore, on the 29 th Sept. 1803, - 82 

No. 5. Rajah of Macherry, on the 14th Nov. 1803, - 84 

No. 0; Rajah of Jeypoor (or Jeynagur), on the 12 th Dec. 

1803, - - 80 

No. 7 . Rajah Umbajee Rao Englah, on the 1 Oth Dec. 1804, 89 

No. 8 . Ranah of Gohud, on the 2 Qth Jan. 1804, - - 97 : 

No. 9 . Partition Treaty of Hyderabad with the Soubahdar 

oftheDeckan, on the 28th April 1804, - 102 

No. 10 . Partition Treaty of Poonah, with the Peifhwah, on 

the 14 th May 1804, - - - 106 


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( 6 * ) 


No. I. 

TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP WITH THE 
RAJAH OF BERAR, 

Concluded at Deogaum, 1 Jth December, 1803 . 

T REATY of peace between the honorable Englifli India Com- 
pany and their allies, on the one part, and Senah Sah,eb Soubah 
Ragojee Bhoonflah, on the other, fettled by Major-general the ho¬ 
norable Arthur Wellefley, on the part of the honorable company 
and their allies, and by Jefwunt Rao Ramchunder, on the part of 
Senah Saheb Soubah Ragojee Bhoonflah; who have each communi¬ 
cated to the other their full powers. 

Article 1. There fliall be perpetual peace and friendfhip between 
the honorable company and their allies On the one part, and Senah 
Saheb Soubah Ragojee Bhoonflah, on the other. 

Art. 2 . Senah Saheb Soubah Ragojee Bhoonflah cedes to the 
honorable company and their allies, in perpetual fovereignty, the pro¬ 
vince of Cuttack, including the port and diftrid of Balafore. 

Art. 3. He likewife cedes to the honorable company and their aL 
lies, in perpetual fovereignty, all the territories, of which he has col- 
leded the revenues, in participation with the Soubah of the Deckan, 

i 2 


•b** treaty oe peace 

and thofe of which he may have poffeffion, which are to the weftward 
of the river Wurdah. 

Art. 4. It is agreed that the frontier of Senah Saheb Soubah, 
towards the territories of his highnefs the Soubah of the Deckan, fh.aH 
be formed to the weft, -by the river' Wurdah, from its ifTue from 
the Injardy Hills to its junction with the Godavery. The hills on 
which are the forts of .Nernullah and-Gawilghur, are to be in the 
pofteftibn of Senah Saheb Soubah, and everything fouth of thofe 
hills, and to the weft of the river Wurdah, is to belong to the 
Britifh government and their allies. 

Ant., 5 . Diftri&s amounting to four lacs of rupees per annum con¬ 
tiguous to, and to the fouth of, the forts of Nernullah and Gawilghur, 
are to be given over to Senah Saheb Soubah. Thofe diftri<fts are to 
be fixed upon by Major-general Wellefley, and delivered over to Senah 
Saheb Soubah at the fame time with the forts. 

Art. 0 . Senah Saheb Soubah, for ihimfelf, his heirs and fuccef¬ 
fors, entirely renounces all claims of every defcription on the territo¬ 
ries of the Britifh government and their allies, ceded by the fecond, 
third, and fourth articles, and on all the territories of his highnefs the 
Soubah of the Deckan. 

Art. 7 . The honorable company .engage, that they will mediate 
and arbitrate according to the principles of juftice, any difputes or 
differences that may now exift, or may hereafter arife, between the 
honorable company’s allies, Secunder Jah Behaudur, his heirs and 
fucceffors, and Bao Pundit Purdhaun, his heirs and fucceffors re- 
fpe&ively, and Senah Saheb Soubah. 

Art. 8 . Senah Saheb Soubah engages, never to take or retain in 


WITH THE RAJAH OF BERAR, 


GS 

his fervice, any Frenchman, or the fubjeft of any other European or 
American power, the government of which may be at war with the 
"Britifli government; or any Britifh fubjeft, whether European or In¬ 
dian, without the confent of the Britifh government. The honorable 
company engage on their part, that they will not give aid or counte¬ 
nance to any difcontented relations, rajahs, zemindars, or other fub- 
je&s of Senah Saheb Soubah, who may fly from, or rebel againft, his 
authority. 

Art. Q. In order to fecure and improve the relations of amity 
and peace hereby eftablifhed between the governments, it is agreed, 
that accredited minifters from each fhall refide at the court of the 
other. 

Art . 10. Certain treaties have “been made by the British govern¬ 
ment with feudatories of Senah Saheb Soubah. Thefe treaties are to 
be confirmed. Lifts of the perfons with whom fuch treaties have 
been made will be given to Senah Saheb Soubah, when this treaty 
will be ratified by his excellency the governor-general in council. 

Art. IT. Senah Saheb Soubah hereby renounces, for himfelf, his 
heirs and fucceffors, all adherence to the confederacy formed by him 
and Dowlut Rao Scindiah and other Marhatta chiefs, to attack the 
honorable company and their allies. He engages not to affift thofe 
chiefs, if the war with them fhould ftill continue. 

Art. 12. This treaty of peace is to be ratified by Senah Saheb 
Soubah within eight days from this time, and the ratification is to be 
delivered to Major-general Wellefley ; at which time the orders for 
the ceftion of the ceded territories are to be delivered, and the troops 
arc to withdraw. Major-general Wellefley engages, that the treaty 


66 


TREATY OF PEACE, kc. 


fhall be ratified by his excellency the moft noble the governor-general 
in council, , and that the ratification fhall be delivered in two months 
from this date. 

(Signed) ARTHUR WELLESLEY, Maj. Gen. 

JESWUNT RAO RAMCHUNDER, 

ON THE PART OF 

SENAH SAHEB SOUBAH, 

Done in camp at Deogaum, this 17th 
December 1803 , anfwering to the 
2 d Ramzaun 1213 FuzaJee. 

A true copy, 

ARTHUR WELLESLEY, 

Major-General. 


X,. 

(Signed) 


I 


( V ) 


No. II. 

TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP WITH DOWLUT 
RAO SCINDIAH, 

Concluded at Surje Anjengaum, on the 30th December, 1803. 

TREATY of peace between the honorable Englifh Eaft India com¬ 
pany and their allies, on the one part; and the maha-rajah Ali Jah 
Dowlut Rao Scindiah, on the other ; fettled by Major-general the ho¬ 
norable Arthur Wellelley, on the part of the honorable company, 
and their allies; and by Eetul Mahadeo, Moonfhee Kavel Nyn, 
Jefwunt Rao Goorparah Ameer-ool-Omrah, and Narroo Hurry, on the 
part of the maha-rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah, who have each com¬ 
municated to the other their full powers. 

Article 1.—There fhall be perpetual peace and friendfhip between 
the honorable company and their allies, on the one part, and the 
maha rajah ali jah Dowlut Rao Scindiah on the other. 

Art. 2.—The maha rajah cedes to the honorable company, and 
their allies, in perpetual fovereignty, ajl his forts, territories and right* 
in the Doab, or country fituated between the Jumna and Ganges; 
and all his forts, territories, rights and interefts in the countries which 
are to the northward of thofe of the rajahs of Jeypoor and Jodepoor, 
and of the ranah of Gohud ; of which territories, &c. a detailed lift 
is given in the accompanying fchedule. Such countries formerly in 
the pofleffion of the maha rajah, fituated between Jeypoor and Jode¬ 
poor, and to the fouthward of the former, are to belong to the mahat 
rajah. 


TREATY OF PEACE ; 


€8 

Art. 3. The maha.rajah like wife cedes to the honorable company, 
and their allies, in perpetual fovereignty, the fort of Baroach and ter¬ 
ritory depending thereon, and the fort of Ahmednuggur and territory 
depending thereon; . excepting thofe lands which it is agreed by the 
eighth article of this treaty that the maha rajah is to retain. 

Art. 4. The maha rajah likewife cedes to the honorable company 
and their allies, all the territories which belonged to them previous to 
the breaking out of the war, which are fituated to the fouthward of 
the hills called the Adjuntee Hills, including the fort and diltrift of 
Jalnapore, the town and diftrift of Gandapore, and all other diftri&s 
between that range of hills and the river Godavery. 

Art. 5. The maha rajah Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindiah, for him- 
felf, his heirs and fucceffors, hereby renounces all the claim to the 
forts, territories, rights and interefts, ceded by the fecond, third, and 
fourth articles-; and all claims of every defcription upon the Britifh 
governments, and their allies, the foubahdar of the Deckan, the Peifh- 
wah, and Anund Rao Guikwar. 

Art. 6. The fort of AfTeerghur, the city of Boorhanpore, the forts 
of Powanghur, and Dohud, and the territories in Gandeilh, and Gu- 
zerat, depending, on thefe forts, ill all be reftored to the maha rajah - 
Dowlut Rao Scindiah. 

Art. 7, Whereas the maha rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah has repre- 
lented that his family have long held in Enaum as a gift frpm the 
kings of HindoRan, the diRri&s of Dholpoor, JBaree, and Rajah-Ker-r 
xah, which are fituated to the northward of the countries of the rajahs 
of Jeypoor and Jodepoor, and of the ranah of Gohud, and that landjs 
in HindoRan, ceded by the fecond article of this treaty to the hono¬ 
rable company and their allies, are held in jagheer byperfonsof the 


m 


WITH DOWLUT RAO SCINDIAH. 

family of the late Madhajee Scindiah, and others by principal firdars 
in his ferviee, all of whom would fuffer diftrefs if deprived of the ad¬ 
vantages they enjoy in thofe countries : it is agreed, that the maha 
rajah fhall continue to hold and enjoy in Enaum the lands of Dhol- 
poor, Baree, and Rajah-Kerrah ; and that Bala Baye Sahib, and Mun- 
foor Sahib, Moonfhee Kavel Nyn, Boogajee Jamdah, Amrajee Jadhoo, 
and Wirdah Charie, fhall continue to hold their lands in Jaghire, 
under the protection of the honorable company: and further, in order 
that no individual may incur lofs or fuffer diftrefs in confequeAce of 
this arrangement, it is agreed, that the honorable company fhall either 
pay penhons, or grant lands in Jaghire, according to the option of the 
Britifh government, to certain other firdars and others to be named 
by the maha rajah, provided that the total amount of the fums paid, 
or jaghires granted or held, does not exceed feventeen lacs of rupees 
per annum, including the annual value of the lands, which it is agreed 
by this article that Bala Baye Sahib, Munfoor Sahib, Moonfhee Kavel 
I^yn, Boogajee Jamdah, Amrajee Jadhoo, and Wirdah Charie, are to 
continue to hold; and provided that no troops in the ferviee of the 
maha rajah are to be introduced into Dholpoor, Baree, and Rajah- 
Kerrah, or the other lands held in Jaghire, under the pretence of col¬ 
lecting the revenue, or any other pretence whatever. 

Slrt. 8.—Whereas the maha rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah has rc- 
prefented that his family have long held in Enaum certain lands, 
villages, &c. in the territories of Rao Pundit Purdhaun, viz. 

Chomargoondee Pergunna, 

Jamgaum, 

Ranjingaum, 

Half of Seo Gaum Pergunna, 

Six .villages in Umber Pergunna, 

Five villages in Pytun Pergunna, 

Five' villages in Niwaz Pergunna, 

K ' ' . 


,*0 TREATY OF PEACE 

Five villages in Kurla Pergunna, 

Six villages in Poonah Pergunna, 

Two villages in Wahy Pergunna, 

Six villages in Patutood Pergunna, 

Five villages in Pandipeergaum Pergunna, 

Five villages in Pagood Pergunna, 

Two villages in Parnyra Pergunna, which have lately been 
taken pofteflion of by the Britifh government and their allies; it is 
agreed, that thofe lands and villages lhall be reftored to him, provided 
that no troops lhall ever be introduced into thofe lands and villages, 
under pretence of colledling the revenues, or any other pretence-, 
whatever. 

Art. 9.—Certain treaties have been made by the Britilh govern¬ 
ment with rajahs and others heretofore feudatories of the maha rajah 
Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindiah. Thefe treaties are to be confirmed, 
and the maha rajah hereby renounces all claims upon the perfons 
with whom fuch treaties have been made, and declares them to be 
independant of his government and authority, provided that none of 
the territories belonging to the maha rajah, iituated to the fouthward 
of thofe of the rajahs of Jeypoor and Jodepoor, and the ranah of 
Gohud, of which the revenues have been collected by him or his 
aumildars, or have been applicable as Surinjamee to the payment of 
his troops, are granted away by fuch treaties. Lifts of the perfons 
with whom fuch treaties have been made will be given to the maha 

. ' j ■ . ,, 

rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah, when this treaty will be ratified by his 
excellency the governor-general. 

Art. 10.—No perfon whatever is hereafter to be molefted on ac¬ 
count of the part which he may have taken in the prelent war. 

Art. 11.—It is agreed, that the rights of his highnefs the peilhwah 

to certain lands in Malwa, and elfe where, lhall be eftablilhed as here- 

. 


WITH DOWLUT EAO SCINDIAH. 71 

tofore, and in cafe any difference fhould arife refpedting thofe rights, 
it is agreed that the honorable company fhall meditate, arbitrate, and 
decide according to the principles of juflice between his highnefs and 
the maha rajah^and whatever fhall be thus decided, will be agreed 
to by botfi parties, and will be carried into execution. 

Art. 12.—The maha rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah hereby renounces 
all claims upon his majefly Shah Aulum, and engages on his part to 
interfere no further in the affairs of his majefly. 

Art. 13 .—The maha rajah Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindiah engages 
never to take or retain in his fervice any Frenchman, or the fubjedl of 
any other European or American power, the government of which 
may be at war with the Britifh government; or any Britifh fubje<fl, 
whether European or native of India, without the confent of the Bri¬ 
tifh government. 

Art. 14.—In order to fecure and improve the relations of amity 
and peace hereby eflablilhed between the governments, it is agreed, 
that accredited miniflers from each fhall refide at the court of the 
other. 

Art. 15 .—The honorable company being bound by treaties of ge¬ 
neral defenfive alliance with his highnefs the foubahdar of the Dekan, 
and his highnefs Rao Pundit Purdhaun, to which the maha rajah Ali 
Jah Dowlut Rao Scindiah is defirous of acceding, he is to be admitted 
to the benefits thereof; and the honorable company, with a view to 
the future fecurity of the maha rajah’s territories, engage, in the event 
of his agreeing to the treaty above-mentioned, in two months to fur- 
nifh him with a force confifling of fix battalions of infantry, with 
their complement of ordnance and artillery, and ufual equipments of 
military {lores, &c. and the expence of this force is to be defrayed 



n TREATY Of PEACE WITJH DOWLUT RAO SCINDIAH. 

out of the, revenues of the lands ceded by the fecond, third, and fourth 
articles. But it is agreed, that in cafe it fhould fuit the interefls of 
the maha rajah’s government to decline to enter into the treaty above- 
mentioned, fuch refufal fhall not affeCl any of the other flipulations 
of this treaty of peace, which are in every refpeCl to be ^binding on 
the contracting parties, their heirs and fucceffors. 

Art. 16.—This treaty is to be ratified by the maha rajah Dowlut 
Rao Scindiah, in eight days from this time, and the ratification is 
to be delivered to major-general Wellefley. 

Major-general Wellefley engages, that it fhall be ratified by his 
excellency the rnofl noble the governor-general in council, and the 
ratification fhall be delivered to the maha rajah in three months, or 
fooner if poffible. 

The orders for the ceftions of the territories fhall be delivered to 
major-general Wellefley at the fame time with the ratification of the 
treaty of peace ; but the forts of AfTeerghur, Powanghur,.and Dohud, 
are not to be delivered up till accounts fhall have been received that 
the territories ceded have been evacuated by the maha rajah’s officers 
and troops. 

(Signed) ARTHUR WELLESLEY; 

EETUL MAHADEO, 

KAVEL NYN, 

JESWUNT RAO GOORPARAH, 
NARROO HURRY. 

Done in Camp at Surje Anjengaum , this 30th 
of December 1803, anfwering to the 1 5th 
Ramzaun 1213 Fuzalee* 


( w ) 


No. III. 

TREATY OF ALLIANCE WITH DOWLUT RAO 
SCINDIAH, 

Concluded at Boorhanpore, on the 2jtli February 1804 . 

TREATY of alliance and mutual defence between the honorable 
the Englifh. Eaft India Company, and the Maha Rajah Ali Jah Dow- 
lut Rao Scindiah Bahaudur, and his children, heirs and fucceflors, 
fettled by Major John Malcolm, on the part of the honorable com¬ 
pany, and by Bapoo Eetul Punt and Moonfhee Kavel Nyn, on the 
part of the Maha Rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah, after having commu¬ 
nicated to each other their full powers ; the faid John Malcolm being 
deputed to the court of Dowlut Rao Scindiah by Major-general the 
honorable Arthur Wellefley; the honorable major-general aforefaid 
being inverted with full powers and authority from his excellency the 
moft noble Richard Marquis Wellefley, knight of the mofl: illurtrious 
order of Saint Patrick, one of his Britannic Majefty’s mofl: honorable 
privy council, appointed by the honorable court of directors of the 
faid company to dired and control all their affairs in the Eaft Indies. 

Whereas, by the bldfing of God, the relations of friendfhip and 
union have been happily eftablifhed between the government of the 
honorable company, and that of the Maha Rajah Ali Jah Dowlut 
Rao Scindiah Bahaudur by a recent treaty of peace, the two govern¬ 
ments aforefaid, adverting to the complexion of the times, have now 
determined, with a view to the prefervation of peace and tranquillity. 


74 


i > 

TREATY OF ALLIANCE 


to enter into this treaty of general defenfive alliance, for the reciprocal 
protection of their refpeCtive territories, together with thofe of their 
feveral allies and dependants, againft unprovoked aggreffion and en¬ 
croachments of all or any enemies whatever. 

Art. 1.—The friendship and union eftablifhed by the former treaty 
between the two States, Shall be promoted and increafed by this treaty, 
and Shall be perpetual; the friends and enemies of either Slate Shall be 
the friends and enemies of both; and their mutual interests Shall 
henceforward be infeparable. 

Art. 2.—If any perfon or State whatever Shall commit any aCt of 
unprovoked hostility or aggreffion againft either of the contracting 
parties, and after due representation Shall refufe to enter into amicable 
explanation, or Shall deny the juSl Satisfaction or indemnity which 
the contracting parties Shall have required, then the contracting par¬ 
ties will proceed to concert and profecute Such further meafures as 
the cafe Shall appear to demand: for the more diSlinCt explanation of 
the true intent and effeCt of this article, the governor-general in 
council ill behalf of the honorable company hereby declares, that the 
British government will never permit any power or State whatever to 
commit with impunity any aCt of unprovoked hostility or aggreffion 
againlt the'rights and territories of the maha rajah Dowlut Rao Scin- 
diah ; but will at all times, in compliance with the requifition of the 
maha rajah, maintain and defend the fame, when fuch requisition is 
made, in the like manner as the rights and territories of the honorable 
company are now maintained and defended. 

Art. 3.—With a view to fulfil this treaty of mutual defence, the 
maha rajah agrees to receive, and the honorable EaSt India Company 
to furnifh, a fubfidiary force of not lefs than fix thoufand regular in¬ 
fantry, with the ufual proportion of artillery, and with the proper 


WITH DOWLUT RAO SCINDIAH. 75 

equipment of warlike {lores and ammunition. This force is to be 
Rationed at fuch place near the frontier of Dowlut Rao Scindiah as 
may hereafter be deemed moR eligible by the Britifh government, 
and it will be held in readinefs at fuch Ration to proceed as foon as 
poffible for the execution of any fervice on which it is liable to be 
employed by the condition of this treaty. 

Art. 4,—And it is further agreed, that in conformity to the Ripu- 
lations of the fifteenth article of the treaty of peace concluded by 
Major-general Wellefley on the part of the honorable company, and 
by Bapoo Eetul, Moonfhee Kavel Nyn, &c. on the part of Maha 
Rajah Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindiah, that all charges and expences of 
the fix battalions above-mentioned, and of their ordnance, artillery, 
military {tores, and equipment, fhall be defrayed by the honorable 
company out of the produce of the revenues of the territories ceded 
by the maha rajah Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindiah to the faid com¬ 
pany, by the articles fecond, third, and fourth of the aforementioned 
treaty of peace, which territories are fpecified in a Ratenient annexed 
to that treaty. 

Art. 5.—Grain, and all other articles of confumption, and provi- 
fions, and all forts of materials for wearing apparel, together with the 
neceffary number of cattle, horfes, and camels, required for the ufe of 
the fubfidiary force, fhall, whenever the aforefaid force is within the 
territories of the maha rajah, in confequence of his requifition, be en¬ 
tirely exempt from duties; and whenever any further force of the 
honorable company fhall, in confequence of war with any other Rate, 
be in the dominions of the maha rajah, they {hall in like manner, as 
the fubfidiary force, be exempt from all duties upon the aforefaid ar¬ 
ticles of neceffary ufe, and confumption; and it is alfb agreed, that 
whenever any part of the army of the maha rajah is in the territories 

of the honorable company, for purpofes conne&ed with the fulfilment 

o>ro b Dmaifiiiro sb ^7; p j 



76 


TREATY OF ALLIANCE 


of this treaty, that no duties on grain, camels, wearing apparel, &c. 
as flated above, which the party of the army of the faid maha rajah 
may require, fhall be collected; and it is further agreed, that the 
officers of the refpedive governments, while they are in the fulfil¬ 
ment of the articles of this treaty, either with the army, or in the 
territories of the other, ffiall be treated with that relped: and confl- 
deration which is due to their rank and Ration. 

Art. 0 .—The fubfidiary force w ill at all times be ready, on the 
requifition of the maha rajah, to execute fervices of importance, fuch 
as the care of the perfon of the maha rajah, his heirs and fucceflors; 
the protedion of the country from attack and invafion, the overawing 
and chaftifement of rebels or exciters of difturbance in the maha ra¬ 
jah’s dominions; but it is not to be employed on trifling occafions. 

Art. 7 .—Whereas it is agreed in the thirteenth article of the treaty 
of peace, that the maha rajah Ali Jah Dowdut Rao Scindiah, fhall 
never take or retain in his fervice any Frenchman, or the fubjed of 
any other European or American power, the government of which 
may be at war with Great Britain, or any Britiffi fubjed whatever, 
European or native of India, without the content of the Britifh go¬ 
vernment ; the maha rajah now further engages that he will hereafter 
never employ in his fervice, or permit to refide in his dominions, any 
European or American whatever, without the confent and acquief- 
cence of the Britifh government; the faid Britifh government on its 
part engaging that it never will employ, or permit to refide in its do¬ 
minions, any perfon, fubjed of the maha rajah, or others, who fhall 
hereafter be guilty of crimes, or of hoflility againfl: the perfon or go¬ 
vernment of the aforefaid maha rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah. 

Art. 8 . 1 —As, by the prefent treaty, the union and friendfhip of the 
two Rates is fo firmly cemented that they may be confidered as one 


WITH DOWLUT RAO SCINDIAH. 


77 


and the fame, the maha rajah engages neither to commence nor to 
purfue in future any negotiation with any principal Rates or powers, 
without giving previous notice, and entering into mutual confultation 
with the honorable EaR India company’s government; and the hono¬ 
rable company’s government, on their part, declare that they will 
have no manner of concern with any of the maha rajah’s relations, 
dependants, military chiefs, or fervants, wdth refped to whom the 
maha rajah is abfolute; and that they will on no occafion ever afford 
encouragement, fupport, or protection, to any of the maha rajah’s re¬ 
lations, dependants, chiefs, or fervants, who may eventually ad; in 
oppofition to the maha rajah’s authority, but on the contrary, at the 
requiftion of the maha rajah, they will aid and affiR to punifh and 
reduce all fuch offenders to obedience; and it is further agreed, that 
no officer of the honorable company (hall ever interfere in the inter¬ 
nal affairs of the maha rajah’s government. 

Art. 9 .—As the chief objed and defign of the prefcnt defend ve alliance 
is the fecurity and protedionof the dominions of the contrading parties, 
and their allies and dependants from all attack whatfoever, the maha 
rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah engages never to commit any ad of hof- 
tility or aggreffion againff any Rate or chief in alliance with the ho¬ 
norable company, or againff any other principal ftate or power; and 
in the event of differences arifing, whatever adjuftment the compa¬ 
ny’s government, weighing matters in the fcale of truth and juftice, 
may determine, fhall meet with his full approbation and acquiefcence. 

Art. 10 .—The contrading parties w ill employ all pradicable means 
of conciliation to prevent the calamity of war, and for that purpofe 
will at all times be ready to enter into amicable explanations with 
other principal Rates or powers, and to cultivate and improve the 
general relations of peace and amity with all the principal powers of 
India, according to the true fpirit and tenor of this treaty; but if a 


L 


78 


TREATY OF ALLIANCE 


war fhould unfortunately break out between the contracting parties 
and any other Rate or power whatever, then the maha rajah Ali Jab 
DowTut Rao Scindiah Bahaudur engages, that the Englifh force con¬ 
fining of fix battalions, with their guns, &c. joined by a detachment 
of his army, confiRing of fix thoufand of the maha rajah’s infantry,, 
and ten thoufand of his Pagah and Sillahdar cavalry, which force the 
maha rajah engages always to keep ready, fhall be immediately put 
in motion for the purpofe of oppofing the enemy; and the maha 
rajah alfo engages to employ every further effort for the purpofe of 
bringing into the field the whole force which he may be able to fup- 
ply from his dominions, with a view to the efFe&ual profecution and 
fpeedy termination of the faid war. The honorable company in the 
fame manner engage on their part (on fuch event occurring) to em¬ 
ploy in aCtive operations againft the enemy as large a force as the 
fervice may require, over and above the faid fubfidiary force. 

Art. 11.—Whenever war fhall appear probable, the maha rajah 
Ali Jah Dowlut Rao Scindiah engages to colleCt as many Brinjaries 
as poffible, and to Rore as much grain as may be practicable in the 
frontier garrifons. The company’s government alfo, with a view to 
the effectual profecution of the war, engage to adopt fimilar meafures 
in their frontier garrifons. 

Art. 12.—The contracting parties entertain no views of conquefb 
or extenfions of their refpeCtive dominions, nor any intention of pro¬ 
ceeding to hoftilities againft any Rate or principal power, unlefs in the 
cafe of unjuft and unprovoked aggreffion, and after the failure of their 
joint endeavours to obtain reafonable fatisfaCtion through the channel 
of pacific negotiation according to the tenor of the preceding treaty. If, 
contrary to the fpirit and. objeCt of this defenfive treaty, war with any 
Rate fhould hereafter appear unavoidable (which God avert), the con¬ 
tracting parties will proceed to adjuR the rule of partition of all fuch 


WITH D.OWLUT RAO SCINDIAB, 


advantages and acquifitions as may eventually refult from the fuccefs of 
their united arms. It is declared that, in the event of war, and of 
a confequent partition of conqueRs between the contracting parties, 
the fhares of each government fhall be equal in the divifion of any 
territory which may be acquired by the fuccefsful exertion of their 
united arms, provided that each of the contracting parties fhall have 
faithfully fulfilled all the Ripulations of this treaty. 

Art. 13. The interefts of the contracting parties being identified 
by this defenfive alliance, it is agreed, that the honorable company’s 
government fhall be at liberty to employ the whole, or any part of 
the fubfidiary force eftablifhed by the treaty, in quelling of any dis¬ 
turbances which may arife within their territories, or in the perform¬ 
ance of any other fervice which may be, required by the faid honour¬ 
able company’s government, provided fuch fervice fhall not interfere 
with any other duties on which the faid fubfidiary force is liable to 
be employed under the conditions of this treaty. And if dis¬ 
turbances fhall at any time break out in any part of the Maha Rajah’s 
dominions which lies contiguous to the frontier of the honorable 
company, and to which it might be inconvenient to detach any pro¬ 
portion of the fubfidiary force, the Britifh government in like man* 
ner, if required by Dowlut Rao Scindiah, fhall direCt fuch of the 
company’s troops as may be moR conveniently Rationed for the pur- 
pofe, to afliR in quelling the faid diRurbances within the Maha Rajah’s 
dominions; and if diRurbances fhall at any time breakout in any 
part of the dominions of the Britifh Government, which lay conti¬ 
guous to the frontier of the Maha Rajcr, the Maha Rajah, if required 
by the Britifh government, fhall direCt fuch of his troops as may be 
moft conveniently Rationed for the purpofe, to affiR in quelling the 
faid diRurbances within the dominions of the Britifh government. 

Art. 14. ]jn order to Rrengthen and confirm the Riendfhip eRab- 


so 


TREATY OF ALLIANCE 


lifhed between the two ftates, it is agreed that neither of the two 
contracting parties^ fhall enter into any alliance, or have any concern, 
with the tributaries or chiefs of the other ; and in order to fupport 
the independent authority of both governments, it is agreed and de¬ 
clared, that hereafter neither of the contracting parties will give pro¬ 
tection or countenance to the rebellious tributaries and fubjeCts of the 
other, but they will ufe their utmoft endeavours for the apprehenfion 
of fuch rebels, in order that they may be brought to punifhment. 

Art. ] 5. The honorable company agree to exert their influence 
to maintain the obfervance of fuch ufages on matters of form and 
ceremony and other cuftoms, as fhall appear to have been fixed on all 
points of intercourfe and communication between the Peifhwah and 
his anceftors, and the Maha Rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah and his an¬ 
ceftors ; and the Englifh government alfo agree to recognize the right 
of Dowlut Rao Scindiah to all pofTeflions he holds, whether by 
written funnuds or grants, or by the unwritten authority of the 
Peifhwah, according to former ufage, provided fuch funnuds do not 
interfere with the faithful fulfilment of the treaty of peace; and pro¬ 
vided alfo that in all cafes, where difputes may arife on the fubjeCt 
of pofTeflions held by unwritten authority, the Maha Rajah Dowlut 
Rao Scindiah agrees to refer to the foie arbitration of the faid Britifh 
government, who will decide with reference to former ufage, on the 
principles of truth and juftice. The Englifh government further 
agrees, to ufe its endeavour to prevent any aCts which have been done 
by Dowlut Rao Scindiah, or his anceftors, under the authority re- 
pofed in him or them by the Peifhwah or his anceftors, from being 
fubverted, provided their being fupported is ftriCtly confiftent with 
the prefervation of the honour and dignity of his highnefs the Peifh¬ 
wah, and of the ftipulations of the treaty of peace. 

Art. 16 . This treaty, confifting of fixteen articles, being this day 


WITH DOWLUT RAO SCINDIAH. 


81 


fettled by Major Malcolm, on the part of the honourable company, 
and by Eetul Punt and Moonlhee Kavel Nyn, on the part of Dowlut 
Rao Scindiah; Major Malcolm has delivered one copy thereof in Per- 
fian and Marhatta and Englifh, figned and fealed by himfelf, to the 
faidMaha Rajah, who, on his part, has alfo delivered one copy of the 
fame duly executed by himfelf: and Major Malcolm, by virtue of a 
fpecial authority given him in that behalf by Major-general the ho¬ 
nourable Arthur Wellefley, (himfelf veiled with full powers as be¬ 
fore Rated,) hereby declares the faid treaty to be in full force from 
the date hereof, and engages that a copy of the fame from the go¬ 
vernor-general in council, in every refped: a counterpart of that ex¬ 
ecuted by himfelf, lhall be delivered to the Maha Rajah Ali Jah 
Dowlut Rao Scindiah in the fpace of two months and ten days; and 
on the delivery of fuch copy, the treaty executed by Major Malcolm 
lhall be returned. 

Done at Boorhanpoor, the twenty-feventh of February A. D. 1804, 
or fourteenth of Zeecada A. H. 1218 . 


{ ) 


No. IV. 

TREATY WITH THE RAJAH OF BHURRUTPORE, 

Concluded September 1803. 

TREATY concluded between his excellency general Gerard Lake, 
'commander in chief of his majefty’s and the honorable company’s 
forces in the Eaft Indies, on the part of his excellency the moil: 
noble Richard Marquis Wellefley, knight of the moft illuftrious order 
of Saint Patrick, one of his Britannic majefty’s moft honourable 
privy council, captain-general and commander in chief of all the land 
forces ferving in the Britifh pofleftions in India, and governor-general 
in council at Fort William in Bengal, and Maha Rajah Bifhoinder 
Sewaee Runjeet Sing Bahaudur. 

Article 1. Perpetual friendfhip ftiall be maintained between Maha 
Rajah Bifhoinder Sewaee Runjeet Sing Bahaudur, Bahaudur Jung, 
and the honorable company. 

Art . 2. The friends and enemies of either ftate, fhall be the 
friends and enemies of both. 

Art. 3. The Britifh government fhall never interfere in the con¬ 
cerns of the Maha Rajah’s country, nor exadl any tribute from him. 

Art . 4. If an enemy fhould invade the territories of the honorable 
company, the Maha Rajah hereby engages to furnifh to the Englifh 


« 


TREATY WITH THE RAJAH OF BHURRUTPORE. 8§ 

the aid of his troops in the expulfion of fuch enemy. And, in like 
manner,the honorable company engages-to affift the Maha Rajah with 
its forces in defending his dominions againft external attacks. 

The fincerity of this engagement is attefted on the holy Bible. 

Dated on the twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our 
Lord one thoufand eight hundred and three, correfponding with the 
eleventh day of the month of Jemmaudee oos Saunee, in the year 
twelve hundred and eighteen Hijree. 


( 84' } 


i rtv 


No. V. 

TREATY WITH THE RAJAH OF MACHERRY, 

Concluded \4th November 1803. 

TREATY concluded between his excellency General Gerard Lake, 
commander in chief of his majefty’s and the honorable company’s 
forces in the Eaft Indies, on the part of his excellency the moft noble 
Richard Marquis Wellefley, knight of the moft illuftrious order of 
St. Patrick, one of his Britannick majefty’s moft honorable privy 
council, captain-general and commander in chief of all the land forces 
ferving in the Britifh pofleffions in India, and governor-general in 
in council at Fort William in Bengal, and Maha Rao Rajah Seway 
Bucktawur Sing Bahaudur. 

Article 1. A permanent friendftiip is eftablifhed between the ho¬ 
nourable Eaft India company and Maha Rao Rajah Seway Bucktawur 
Sing Bahaudur, and between their heirs and fucceflors. 

Art . 2. The friends and enemies of the honorable company fhall 
be confidered the friends and enemies of Maha Rao Rajah, and the 
friends and enemies of Maha Rao Raja hfliall be the friends and ene- 
ir-i s of the honorable company. 

Art . 3. The honorable company fhall not interfere with the coun¬ 
try of Maha Rao Rajah, nor (hall demand any tribute from him. 

Art . 4. In the event of any enemy evincing a difpohtion to attack 


TREATY WITH THE RAJAH OF MACHERRY. 


85 


the countries now in the pofteftion of the honourable company, or of 
their allies in Hindoftan, Maha Rao Rajah agrees to fend the whole 
of his force to their aftiftance, and to exert himfelf to the utmoft of 
his power to repel the enemy ; and to omit no opportunity of proving 
his friendfhip and attachment. 

Art. 5. As, from the tfiendfhip eftablilhed by the fecond article 
of the prefent treaty, the honorable company become guarantee to 
Maha Rao Rajah for the fecurity of his country againft external ene¬ 
mies ; Maha Rao Rajah hereby agrees, that if any mifunderftanding 
fhould arife between him and the Sircar of any other chieftain, Maha 
Rao Rajah will, in the firft inftanee, fubmit the caufe of difpute to 
the company’s government, that the government may endeavour to 
fettle it amicably. If, from the obftinacy of the oppofite party, no 
amicable terms can be fettled, then Maha Rao Rajah may demand 
aid from the company’s government.—In the event above Rated 
in this article, it will be granted, and Maha Rao Rajah agrees to 
take upon himfelf the charge of the expence of fuch aid, at the fame 
rate as has been fettled with the other chieftains of Hindoftan. 

Dated on the 14th day of November, one thoufand eight hundred 
and three of the chriftian asra; agreeing with the twenty-fixth of 
Rujeb, twelve hundred and eighteen Hijree; and the fifteenth of 
Aghun, eighteen hundred and fixty Sumbut. 



f 86 ) 


No. VI. 

TREATY WITH THE RAJAH OF JYEPOOR (or JYENAGUR), 

Concluded 12th December 1803. 

TREATY of amity and alliance between the honorable the Eng¬ 
lifh Eafl India company, and MahaRajah Dheeraj Raj Rajinder Seway 
Juggut Sing Bahadur, fettled by his excellency General Gerard Lake, 
commander in chief of the Britifh forces in India, in virtue of au¬ 
thority veiled in him for that purpofe by his excellency the moll 
noble Richard Marquis Wellefley, knight of the moll illuflrious order 
of Saint Patrick, one of his Britannic majefly’s moll honorable privy 
council, governor-general in council of all the Britifh poffeflions, and 
captain-general of all the Britifh land forces in the Eafl Indies, in 
behalf of the honorable the Englifh Eafl India company, and by 
Maha Rajah Dheeraj Raj Rajinder Seway Juggut Sing Bahadur, in 
behalf of himfelf, his heirs, and fucceffors. 

Article 1. A firm and permanent friendfhip and alliance is eflab- 
lifhed between the honorable the Englifh company, and Maha Rajah 
Dheeraj Juggut Sing Bahadur, and between their heirs and fuc- 
cefTors. 

Art. 2. Whereas friendfhip has been eflablifhed between the two 
flates, the friends and enemies of one of the parties, fhall be con- 
fidered the friends and enemies of both, and an adherence to this 
condition fhall be conflantly obferved by both flates. 


TREATY WITH THE RAJAH OF JYEPOOR. 


87 

Art. 3. The honorable company fhall not interfere in the govern¬ 
ment of the country now poflefTed by Maha Rajah Dheerhaj, and 
fhall not demand tribute from him. 

Art, 4. In the event of any enemy of the honorable company 
evincing a difpofition to invade the country lately taken pofTeflion of 
by the honorable company in Hindoftan, Maha Rajah Dheeraj fhall 
lend the whole of his forces to the affiftance of the company’s army, 
and fhall exert himfelf to the utmofl of his power in repelling the 
enemy, and fhall neglect no opportunity of proving his friendfhip and 
attachment. 

Art. 5. Whereas in confequence of the friendfhip eftablifhed by 
the fecond article of the prefent treaty, the honorable company be¬ 
come guarantees to the Maha Rajah Dheeraj for the fecurity of his 
country againfl external enemies; Maha Rajah Dheeraj hereby agrees, 
that if any mifunderflanding fhould arife between him and any other 
Rate, Maha Rajah Dheeraj will, in the firfl inftance, fubmit the 
caufe of difpute to the company’s government, that the government 
may endeavour to fettle it amicably. If, from the obflinacy of the 
oppofite party, no amicable terms can be fettled, then Maha Rajah 
Dheeraj may demand aid from the company’s government. In the 
event above Rated, it will be granted; and Maha Rajah Dheeraj 
agrees to take upon himfelf the charge of the expence of fuch aid, 

at the fame rate as has been fettled with the other chieftains of Hin- 

' 

doflan. 

Art. 6. Maha Rajah Dheeraj hereby agrees, although he is in 
reality the mafter of his own army, to a& during the time of war, or 
profpeR of a&ion, agreeably to the advice and opinion of the com-* 
mander of the Englifh army, which may be employed with his 
troops. 


M 2 


88 


TREATY WITH THE RAJAH OF JY£POOR. 


Art. 7 . The Maha Rajah (hall not entertain in his fervice, or in 
any manner give admiffion to, any Englifh or French fubjedts, or any 
other perfon from among the inhabitants of Europe, without the con- 
fent of the company’s government. 

The above treaty, comprifed in feven articles, has been duly con¬ 
cluded and confirmed by the feal and fignature of his excellency Ge¬ 
neral Gerard Lake, at Surhindee, in the Soobah of Akburrabad, on 
the twelfth day of December 1803, of the CliriRian aera, correfpond- 
ing with the twenty-fixth of Shabaan 1218 Hejree, and with the 
fourteenth of Foos 1800 Sumbut; and under the feal and fignature 
of Maha Rajah Dheeraj Raj Rajinder Seway Juggut Sing Bahadur, at 
on the day of 180 of the chriftian 

aera, correfponding with the of 1218 Hejree, 

and with the of 1800 Sumbut. When a treaty 

containing the above feven articles fhall be delivered to Maha Rajah 
Dheeraj, under the feal and fignature of his excellency the moll noble 
the governor-general in council, the prefent treaty under the leal and 
fignature of his excellency General Lake fhall be returned. 


( 89 ) 


No. VII. 

6*T JO£i •>..> J V// . ii'. .. / . .. •; ■ / • i r ■ ' ' . [// ^ILU .. ; r ? M 

TREATY WITH RAJAH UMBAJEE RAO ENGL AH, 

Concluded \€>th December 1 SOS- 

TREATY of amity and alliance between the honourable the Eaft 
India Company and Rajah Umbajee Rao Englah, providing for the re- 
linquilliment to the honourable company of certain diftrids, including 
the forts of Gualior, Gohud, and others, hitherto held in farm by Ra¬ 
jah Umbajee, and for the guarantee on the part of the honorable com¬ 
pany to Rajah Umbajee of certain portions of country, including the 
fort of Narwar and others, to be held by him in. fovereignty, conclud¬ 
ed by his excellency General Gerard Lake, commander in chief of 
the Britifli forces in India, in virtue of authority veiled in him for that 
purpofe by his excellency the moil noble Richard Marquis Wellelley, 
knight of the moft illuftrious order of Saint Patrick, one of his Britan- 
nick Majefty’s moft honourable privy council, captain general and 
commander in chief of all the land forces ferving in the Britifli pof- 
feffions in India, and Governor-general in council at Fort William in 
Bengal, on the part of the honourable company, and by Rajah Umbajee 
Rao Englah,. for himfelf, his heirs and fucceflors. 

Art. 1. A permanent friendfliip and alliance iseftablifhed between 
the honourable company and Rajah- Umbajee Rad Englah, and be¬ 
tween their heirs and fucceflbrs : in conformity to the friendfliip eftab- 


90 TREATY WITH RAJAH UMBAJEE RAO ENGLAH. 

lilhed, the friends and enemies of one party fhall be the friends and 
enemies of both, and neither party fhall fwerve from this obligation. 

Art, 2. Rajah Umbajee hereby agrees to deliver over, without 
delay or evafion, to the company’s government, the fortrefs of Gualior 
with the diftridts undermentioned, which have been hitherto held by 
him in farm, with the forts fituated in them, whenever the officers 
of the company’s government may be deputed for the purpofe of taking 
pofTeffion of them; and farther agrees that thefe diltridts and forts 
may be difpofed of as may appear expedient to the Britifh government, 
relinquifhing on his part all farther claims on any account whatever 
to the faid diftridts and forts. 


Gualior Khas, - 

Atree and other five Mohals: 

40,000 

Chummerch, Bower, Salbye, and Chounara, 

1,50,000 

Allahpore, - 

40,000 

Summoulee, - - - 

6o,000 

Puhorghur and others of Talook Inkurwaree, 

1,00,000 

Talook Jetawur, - 

25,000 

Purgunna Dolpore, - 

1,50,000 

Baree, 

2,00,000 

Rajakera, 

0o,ooo 

Binde with its Talooks, 

2,20,000 

Attere, - 

1,10,000 

Talook Phoonp, - 

20,000 

Oomree, - 

35,000 

Balawa, - 

30,000 

Ammow, - 

1,00,000 

Jagnee, 

30,000 

Seray Choolah, 

10,000 

Doondree, 

40,000 

Ahnoun, - 

1,00,000 


TREATY WITH RAJAH UMBAJEE RAO ENGLAH. 


91 


Noorabad, 

Attowra, 

Bahadurpore, - 

Ballaitee, - 

Curwas, - 

Hawellec Gohud, 

Behut, 

Sooklharee, 

Talook Aman, 

Inderkee, 

Budhaik, - - - 

Bhandere, • 

Nhodah, - 

Lehar and fix others forming the Zillah 
Kutchwakar, 

Goojera, - 

Kuttoullee, - 

Lawunkalan, - 

Pergunna Noh, 

Ditto Betwa, 

Ditto Deoghur, 


25,000 

25,000 

30,000 

20,000 

15,000 

50,000 

50,000 

8,000 

25,000 

50,000 

18,000 

2 , 00,000 

30,000 

2 , 00,000 

10,000 

2 , 00,000 

30,000 

50,000 

50,000 

50,600 


Rupees 26,56,000 


Art. 3. In confideration of the friendlhip and attachment to the 
honourable company manifefted by Rajah Umbajee by the engage¬ 
ments entered into on his part by the prefent treaty, the honourable 
Eaft India Company do hereby guarantee to the Rajah, and to his heirs 
and fucceffors, the poITeflion in fovereignty of the fort of Narwar, and 
the diftri&s undermentioned, which are reported by the officers of the 
Rajah to be now in his poffeffion P with the forts fituated in them. 



92 


TREATY WITH RAJAH UMBAJEE RAO EtfGLAH. 

The honourable company {hall demand no tribute or rent whatever 
from Rajah Umbajee on account of thefe pofTeffions. 


Narwar Khas, 

“ - 

9,oao 

Talook Surwareeu, 

- 

9,ooo 

Bara Doongree, 

■ 1 • - < _ 

4,500 

Digdoulee and Cheras, 

- 

8,000 

Rajaghur 

- 

7,500 

Gunelhkera, 


3,500 

Barye, &c. 

- 

1,000 

Ray, 

- 

4,000 

Saferam, 


5,000 

Souknee, 

- 

7,000 

Kureeawul, 

- 

10,0.00 

Deoghur, 

- 

1,500 

Mooferee, 

- 

5,000 

Gopaulpore, 


- 5,000 

Doongerpoor and Magrounee, 

25,000 

Pattye kurye, 

- 

6,000 

Beeturwas, &c. 


46,200 

Villages of Gualior which have 

been at- 


tached to Narwar, viz. Rampore, 
and Buferee, 

, Bounee, 

5,000 

Doodakhaner, 


.10,000 

Saer, 

* noitrahilnoo 

1 2,000 

Suboolghur and nine others. 

- 

1,25,000 

Beejipore and two others. 


47,000 

Pouree, 

d-Mdd oh yfi&q'i 

51,000 

Serlye and Paren, 

i fiojJGlW?adv 

4,000 

Utulpore Beejrawan, 

. ' • , V r 

5,000 

Lawun of Pergunna Shadoura, 

Vii ill 2*o 

2,500 

Doulahghur kurfena. 

- 

5,500 


TREATY WITH RAJAH UMBAJEE RAO ENGLAH. 


Talook Beenouree, 

2,000 

Budrita and Village Kera and two others, 

12,000 

Negounee, 

1,500 

Villages of Enam Chutree Trimuckjee, &c. 10,000 

Pergunnh Googul Chutree, 

45,000 

Talook Alumpore, 

25,000 

Koonch, 

1,50,000 

Sepree, 

50,000 

Kolarus, 

50,000 

Irnee, 

20,000 

Kearah, 

70,000 

Terait, 

7,000 

Oochar Bubroalee, 

15,000 

Lawur, Chupar, and Badaoon, 

1,500 

Village Koonernu, 

3,000 

Talook Alkee Beelhree, . 

2,500 

Chergawun, 

6,000 

Ranaghur and Kergawn, 

6,000 

Mookuree, 

10,000 

Boofhera, 

2,000 

Gurwaee, 

7,000 

Lamrut Berutch 

7,000 

Village Gatta Budoura 

4,000 

Derut, 

5,000 

Talook Falood, 

10,000 

Roomalee Burwa Sagur 

10,000 

Sefye, 

10,000 

Talook Doonan Berye, 

10,000 

Bangpoor, 

4,000 

Pergunna Mamohunee, 

25,000 


Rupees 9 ,4 1,700 



84 TREATY WITH RAJAH UMBAJEE RAO ENGLAH. 

Art. 4. Rajah Umbajee fhall not entertain in his fervice, or in 
any manner give admiffion, to any Englifh or French fubjedls, or any 
other perfon from among the inhabitants of Europe, without the con- 
fent of the Englifh government. 

Art. 5. Rajah Umbajee, during the period of this or any future 
war which may take place with the enemies of the Britifh govern.. 
_ment, in the vicinity of his poffeffions, fhall join the company’s army 
with the whole of his troops ; and in this event, although the rajah 
retains the foie command of his whole army, he agrees to adt in the 
war agreeably to the advice and counfel of the commander of the com¬ 
pany’s troops. 

Art. 0. Whereas in confequence of the third article of the prefent 
treaty, the honorable company becomes guarantee to Rajah Umbajee 
for the fecurity of his country againfl external enemies. Rajah Um¬ 
bajee hereby agrees that if any mifunderRanding fhould arife between 
him and any other Rate, the rajah will in the firft inRance fubmit 
the caufe of difpute to the company’s government, that the govern¬ 
ment may endeavour to fettle it amicably. If from the obRinacy of 
the oppofite party no amicable terms can be fettled, then Rajah Um¬ 
bajee may demand aid from the company’s government. In the 
event above Rated in this article, it will be granted; and Rajah Um¬ 
bajee agrees to take upon himfelf the charge of the expence of fuch 
aid, at the fame rate as has been fettled with the other chieftains of 
HindoRan. 

Art. 7. The guns, ammunition, and military Rores, now in the 
forts, to be delivered over to the honorable company, fhall be con- 
fidered the property of the honorable company. Rajah Umbajee is at 
the fame time empowered to carry off whatever money, grain, or 


TREATY WITH RAJAH UMBAJEE RAO ENGLAH. 


95 


property of any other defcription than that above mentioned, which 
may be in the forts, and no interruption fhall be given on the part of 
the company’s officers to his fo doing. 

Art. 8. The honorable company agree, that Rajah Umbajee, 
whenever he may make a requefi: to that purpofe, fhall be allowed to 
refide with his relations and family and property in whatever place 
within the company’s dominions he may chule without any mo- 
leftation on the part of the company’s government. 

Art. Q. In the event of a peace being concluded between the 
honorable company and the Marhatta Rates, the honorable company 
fhall confider Rajah Umbajee included in the treaty as an ally 
of the company. 

Art. 10. If any enemy of both the parties fhould invade the 
country of Umbajee, and the Englifh army aft in concert with the 
troops of Rajah Umbajee, in expelling the enemy; in this cafe Rajah 
Umbajee fhall not be liable to any expence on account of the honor¬ 
able company’s troops. 

The above treaty comprifed in ten articles, has been duly concluded 
and confirmed under the feal and fignature of his excellency General 
Gerard Lake, at Surhindee in the Soobah of Ukburrabad, on the 
fixteenth day of December 1803 of the Chriflian asra, correfponding 
with the firft of Ramzan 1218 Hijree, and with the fecond of Poos 
Soodee 180o Sumbut, and under the feal and fignature of Rajah 
Umbajee Rao Englah at on the day of 

of the Chriftian asra, correfponding with the of 

1218 Hijree, and with the of 1800 

Sombut. When a treaty containing the above ten articles fhall be 


9G TREATY WITH RAJAH UMEAJEE RAO ENGLAH. 

delivered to Rajah Umbajee Rao Englah, and the feal and fignature 
of his excellency the moft noble the governor-general in council* the 
prefent treaty under the feal and fignature of his excellency General 
Lake lliall be returned. 


( 97 ) 


No. VIII. 

TREATY WITH THE II AN ATI OP GO HUD, 

Concluded 2 Qth January 1804. 

TREATY of amity and alliance, between the honorable the Ball 
India Company and Maha Rajah Seway Ranah Kerrut Sing Luckin- 
der Bahauder, providing for the guarantee, on the part of the honor¬ 
able company, of the country of Gohud and others, to be held by 
Maha Rajah Ranah in fovereignty, and for the payment on the part 
of the Maha Rajah Ranah of a fublidiary force from the honorable 
company, concluded by his excellency General Gerard Lake, com¬ 
mander in chief of the Britifh forces in India, in virtue of authority 
veiled in him for that purpofe by his excellency the moll noble 
Richard Marquis Wellefley, knight of the moll illullrious order of 
Saint Patrick, one of his Britannic majelly’s mpft honorable privv 
council, captain general and commander in chief of all the land 
forces ferving in the Britilh polfeffions in India, and governor-general 
in council at Fort William in Bengal, on the part of the honorable 
company ; and by Maha Rajah Seway Ranah Kerrut Sing Bahauder, 
for himfelf, his heirs and fucceflors. 

Article l. A permanent friendlhip and alliance is ellablilhed be¬ 
tween the honorable company and Maha Rajah Ranah Kerrut Sing 
Bahauder, and between their heirs and fucceffors. In conformity to 
the friendlhip ellablilhed, the friends and enemies of one party Ihal 
be the friends and enemies of both. 


98 


TREATY WITH THE RANAH OF GOHUD. 


Art. 2. The honorable the Eaft India Company hereby agree to 
eftablifh Maha Rajah Ranah Kerrut Sing in the fovereignty of his he¬ 
reditary countries in Gohud, and the undermentioned diftriCts, to be 
poffeffed by him, his heirs and fuccelfors, free from all deductions 
under the guarantee of the honorable company: 


Gualior Khas, 

Antree and others, 5 Muhals, 

Antree, 

Chummack, 

Powan, 

Salbye and Chunour. 

Ullahpore, 

Summoulee, 

Puharghur, and others, compofing Talook Sukurwaree, 
Talook Jetwur, 

Purgunah Binde, with its Talooks, 

Purgunah Phomp, 

Talook Oomree, 

Ballawa, 

Jugnee, 

Seroy Choolah, 

Doondree, 

Ahnoun, 

Noorabad, 

Attowra, 

Buhadurpore, 

Ballaittee, 

Curwas, 

Hawellee Gohud, 

Behut, 

Talook Sookulharee, 


TREATY WITH THE RANAH OF GOHUD. 99 

Talook Amaun, 

Inderkee, 

Nhodah, 

Lahar, 

Lehar, and others, form- j Rampoom, 
ing . Zillah Katchwa- r” Kukfees, 
r kar, - - J Kuthoonuda Bakfa* 

J Gopalpoom* 

Goojirra,. 

Kuttoulee, 

La wan Kalan , 

Purgunah Moh^ 

--Ratwa, 

Talook Deoghur. 

Art. 3. Three battalions of the honorable company’s fepoys fhall 
be permanently Rationed with Maha Rajah Ranah for the protection 
of his country; the expences of which fhall be regularly paid by Maha 
Rajah Ranah to the honorable company every month, at the monthly 
rate of twenty-five thoufand Lucknow ficca rupees, or rupees of the 
fame ftandard value, for each battalion, amounting to the monthly 
fum of feventy-five thoufand rupees, or nine lacs of rupees annually. 
In the event of a failure on the part of the Maha Rajah Ranah in the 
regular monthly payment of the expences of the battalions, the ho¬ 
norable company’s government retains to itfelf the right of appointing 
a perfon to fuperintend the collection of the above amount from the 
country. 

Art. 4. Maha Rajah Ranah agrees, that the pofTeffion of the 
fortref's and city of Gualior fhall be permanently vetted in the honor¬ 
able company’s government, and it fhall be at the option of the go¬ 
vernment to Ration the honorable company’s troops in whichever of 



• 100 


TREATY WITH THE RANAH Of GOHUD. 


the other forts or places of flrength in the Ranah’s country, and at 
whatever time the government may deem expedient, with the ex¬ 
ception of Gohud ; and to level fuch forts and places of ftrength in 
the Ranah’s country, with the exception of Gohud, as to the govern¬ 
ment may appear advifable. 

Art. 5. The honorable company fhall not demand any tribute 
from the country delivered over to Maha Rajah Ranah Kerrut Sing. 

Art. 6. In the event of any enemy of the honorable company 
evincing a difpofition to attack the countries lately taken pofleffion 
of by the honorable company in Hindoftan, Maha Rajah Ranah 
agrees to fend the whole of his forces to their affiftance, and exert 
himfelf to the utmoft of his power to repel the enemy, and to omit 
no opportunity of proving his friendfhip and attachment. 

Art. 7. As by the fecond article of the prefent treaty, the ho¬ 
nourable company becomes guarantee to Maha Rajah Ranah for the 
fecurity of his country againft external enemies, Maha Rajah Ranah 
hereby agrees, that if any mifunderftanding Ihould arife between him 
and the fircar of any other chieftain, Maha Rajah Ranah will, in the 
firft inftance, fubmit the caufe of difpute to the company’s govern¬ 
ment, that the government may endeavour to fettle it amicably. 
If, from the obftinacy of the oppofite party, no amicable terms can 
be fettled, then Maha Rajah Ranah may employ the honorable com¬ 
pany’s troops, Rationed for the protection of his country, againft the 
oppofite party. 

Art. 8. Although Maha Rajah Ranah retains the exclufive com¬ 
mand of his own army, yet he hereby agrees to aCt during the period 
of a war in conformity to, the advice and counfel of the commander 
of the company’s troops. 


TREATY WITH THE RANAH OF GO HUD. 101 

Art. 9. Maha Rajah Ranah fliall not entertain in his fervice, or 
in any manner give admiffion to any Englifh or French fubjeds, or 
any other perfons from amongft the inhabitants of Europe, without 
the confent of the Britifli government. 

The above treaty, comprifed in nine articles, has been duly con¬ 
cluded and confirmed under the feal and fignature of his excellency 
General Gerard Lake, at Beanah, on the feventeenth day of January 
1804, of the Chriftian sera ; correfponding with the third of Sowall 
1218 Hijree, and with the twentieth of Maugh 1816 Sumbut, and 
under the feal and fignature of Maha Rajah Seway Ranah Kerrut Sing 
Luckindur Bahaudur, at Gualior, on the twenty-ninth day of Ja¬ 
nuary, one thoufand eight hundred and four of the Chriftian sera, cor¬ 
refponding with the fifteenth of Sowall 1218 Hijree, and with the 
third Phagon 1860 Summut: When a treaty containing the above 
nine articles, fhall be delivered to Maha Rajah Seway Ranah Kerrut 
Sing Luckindur Bahaudur, under the feal and fignature of his excel¬ 
lency the moll: noble the Marquis Wellefley, governor-general in 
council, the prefent treaty under the feal and fignature of his excel¬ 
lency General Lake fliall be returned. 


( 102 ) 


No. IX. 

PARTITION TREATY OF HYDERABAD, WITH HIS HIGH¬ 
NESS THE SOUBAHDAR OF THE DEKAN, 

Concluded 28th April, 1804. 

TREATY for the fettlement of general peace in Hindoftan and the 
Dekan, and for the confirmation of the friendfliip fubfifting between 
the honorable Englifh Eafi: India Company and its allies, his highnefs 
the Soubahdar of the Dekan, and his highnefs Rao Pundit Purdh n n 
Peifhwah Behadur, fettled between the faid honorable company and 
the faid allies, by Major James Achilles Kirkpatrick, refident at the 
court of Hyderabad, in virtue of the powers delegated to him by his 
excellency the moft noble Richard Marquis Wellefley, knight of the 
moll illuftrious order of Saint Patrick, one of his Majefiry’s molt illus¬ 
trious privy council, governor-general in council of all the Britifh pof* 
feflions, and captain-general of all the Britifh land forces in the Eafi: 
Indies. 

Whereas by the terms of the treaties of peace, concluded by Major- 
general the honorable Arthur Wellefley, on the part of the honorable 
company and its allies, with the Maha Rajah Senah Saheb Soubah 
Rajah of Berar, at Deogaum, on the 17 th of December ] 803, and 
with Maha Rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah, at Surje Anjengaum, on 
the 30th of that month, which treaties have been duly ratified by the 
governor-general in council, and by the allies of the Britifh govern¬ 
ment, certain forts and territories have been ceded by Maha Rajah 

. • ' s ' ■ ‘ 


TREATY WITH THE SOUBAHDAR OF THE DEKAN. 


103 


Scnah Saheb Soubah, and by Maha .Rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah, to 
the honorable company and its allies, the following articles of agree¬ 
ment for the fettlement of the faid forts and territories have been 
concluded by the Britifh government and by the faid allies. 

Article 1.—The province of Cuttack, including the port and dif- 
tri<ft of Balafore, and all cellions of every defcription made by the 
fecond article of the treaty of Deogaum, or by any treaties which 
have been confirmed by the tenth article of the faid treaty of Deo¬ 
gaum, fhall belong in perpetual fovereignty to the honorable Bnglifii 
Eaft India Company. 

Art , 2.—The territories of which Maha Rajah Senah Saheb Sou¬ 
bah formerly colle&ed the revenues, in participation with his bigh- 
nefs the foubahdar of the Dekan, and thofe formerly pofiefifed by 
Maha Rajah Senah Saheb Soubah to the weft ward of the river Wur- 
dah, ceded by the third article of the treaty of Deogaum, and the 
territory fituated to the fouthward of the hills on which are the forts 
of Nernullah and Gawilghur, and to the weftward of the river Wur- 
dah, ftated by the fourth article of the treaty of Deogaum to belong 
to the Britifh government and its allies, fhall belong in perpetual fo¬ 
vereignty to his highnefs the foubahdar of the Dekan, with the ex¬ 
ception of the diftritfts rcferved to Senah Saheb Soubah in the fifth 
article of the faid treaty of Deogaum. 

Art. 3.— All the forts, territories, and rights of Maha Rajah Dowlut 
Rao Scindiah, in the Doab, or country fituated between the Jumna 
and Ganges, and all his forts, territories, rights, and ihterefts in the 
countries which are to the northward of thofe of the rajahs of Jey- 
poor and Jodepoor, and of the ranah of Gohud, ceded by the fecond 
article of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum, fhall belong in perpetual 
fovereignty to the honorable company. 


104 


PARTITION TREATY WITH 


Art. 4.—The fort of Baroach and territory depending thereon, 
ceded by the third article of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum, (hall be¬ 
long in perpetual fovereignty to the honorable company. 

Art. 5.—The fort and city of Ahmednuggur, together with fuch 
part of the territory depending thereon, as is ceded by the third ar¬ 
ticle of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum to the honorable company and 
its allies, fhall belong in perpetual fovereignty to his highnefs the 
Peifhwah. 

Art. 0 .—All the territories which belonged to Maha Rajah Dowlut ? 
Rao Scindiah before the commencement of the late war, fituated to 
the fouthward of the hills called the Adjuntee hills, including the 
fort and diflridl of Jalnapore, the town and diftrid: of Gandapore, and 
all other diftri&s between that range of hills-and the river Godavery, 
ceded by the fourth article of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum, to the 
honorable company and its allies, fhall belong in perpetual fovereignty 
to his highnefs the foubahdar of the Dekan, 

Art. 7 .—All cefifions made to the honorable company by any trea¬ 
ties which have been confirmed by the ninth article of the treaty of' 
Surje Anjengaum, fhall belong in perpetual fovereignty to the hono^ 
rable company. 

Art. 8.—This treaty, confifting of eight articles, being this day, 
the feventeenth ofMohurrum, correfponding with the 28th of April, 
fettled and concluded at Hyderabad, by Major James Achilles Kirk¬ 
patrick, with his highnefs the Nawaub Afoph Jah Meer Akber Ali 
Khaun Behauder, foubahdar of the Dekan, the faid Major James 
Achilles Kirkpatrick has delivered to his faid highnefs a copy of the 
fame in Englifh and Perfian, under the feal and fignature of the faid 
Major James Achilles Kirkpatrick, and his highnefs the, Nawaub, 


THE SOUBAHDAR OF THE DEKAN. 


105 


Afoph Jah Meer Akber Ali Khaun Behaudur has delivered to the 
faid Major James Achilles Kirkpatrick another copy, alfo in Perfian 
and Englifh, bearing his highnefs’s feal and fignature; and the afore- 
faid Major James Achilles Kirkpatrick has engaged to procure and 
deliver to his faid highnefs, without delay, a copy of the fame, duly 
ratified by his excellency the mod: noble the governor-general in 
council, on the receipt of which by his faid highnefs the prefent 
treaty {hall be deemed complete and binding on the honorable the 
Englifh Eaft India company, and on his highnefs; and the copy of 
it now delivered to his-faid highnefs the.Nawaub Afoph Jah fhall be 
returned. 

Done at Hyderabad, this twenty-eighth day of April/A. D. 1804,!, 
or feventeenth day of Mohurrum, A, H, 121Q,. 


(. 106 ) 


No. X. 

PARTITION TREATY OF POONAH, WITH HIS HIGH¬ 
NESS THE PEISHWAH, 

Concluded YAth May 1804. 

t . _ Ar:.'i 

TREATY for the fettlement of general peace in Hindoftan and the 
Dekan, and for the confirmation of the friendfhip fubfifting, between 
the honorable Englifh Eafi India Company and its allies, his highnefs 
the Soubahdar of the Dekan, and his highnefs Rao Pundit Purdhaun 
Peifhwah Behadur, fettled between the faid honorable company and 
the faid allies, by Lieutenant-colonel Barry Clofe, refident at the court 
of his highnefs the Peifhwah, in virtue of the powers delegated to him 
by his excellency the moft noble Richard Marquis Wellefley, knight 
of the moft illuftrious order of Saint Patrick, one of his majefty’s 
moft honorable privy council, governor-general in council of all the 
Britifh poffeffions, and captain-general of all the Britifh land forces in 
the Eafi: Indies. 

\ 

Whereas by the terms of the treaties of peace concluded by Major- 
general the honorable Arthur Wellefley, on the part of the honorable 
company and its allies, with Maha Rajah Senah Saheb Soubah, rajah 
of Berar, at Deogaum, on the 17 th of December 1803, and with 
Maha Rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah, at Surje Anjengaum, on the 30th 
of that month, which treaties have been duly ratified by the governor- 
general in council, and by the allies of the Britifh government, certain 
forts and territories have been ceded by Maha Rajah Senah Saheb 


PARTITION TREATY WITH THE PEISHWAH. 


107 


Soubah, and by Maha Rajah Dowlut Rao Scindiah, to the honorable 
company and its allies, the following articles of agreement for the 
fettlement of the faid forts and territories have been concluded by 
the Britifh government and by the faid allies. 

Article 1.—The province of Cuttack, including the port and dif~ 
trid; of Balafore, and all ceflions of every defcription made by the 
fecond article of the treaty of Deogaum, or by any treaties which 
have been confirmed by the tenth article of the faid treaty of Deo¬ 
gaum, fhall belong in perpetual fovereignty to the honorable Englifh 
Eafl India Company. 

Art . 2.—The territories of which Maha Rajah Senah Saheb Sou- , 
bah formerly collected the revenues, in participation with his highnefs 
the foubahdar of the Dekan, and thofe formerly pofTefled by Maha 
Rajah Senah Saheb Soubah to the weflward of the river Wurdah, 
ceded by the third article of the treaty of Deogaum, and the territory 
fituated to the fouthward of the hills on which are the forts of Ner- 
nulla and Gawilghur, and to the weflward of the river Wurdah, 
Rated by the fourth article of the treaty of Deogaum to belong t© 
the Britifh government and its allies, fhall belong in perpetual fove¬ 
reignty to his highnefs the foubahdar of the Dekan, with the excep¬ 
tion of the diflrids referved to Senah Saheb Soubah in the fifth article ' 
of the faid treaty of Deogaum. 

Art. 3.—All the forts, territories, and rights of Maha Rajah Dow¬ 
lut Rao Scindiah in the Doab, or country fituated between the Jumna 
and Ganges, and all his forts, territories, rights, and interefls in the 
countries which are to the northward of thofe of the rajahs of Jey- 
poor and Jodepoor, and of the ranah of Gohud, ceded by the fecond 
article of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum, fhall belong in perpetual fo¬ 
vereignty to the honorable company.. 


108 


PARTITION TREATY WITH THE PEISHWAH. 


Art. 4 .—The fort of Baroach and territory depending thereon, ceded 
by the third article of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum, {hall belong in 
perpetual fovereignty to the honorable company. 

Art. 5.—The fort and city of Ahmednuggur, together with fiich 
part of the territory depending thereon as is ceded by the third ar¬ 
ticle of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum to the honorable company 
and its allies, dial 1 belong in perpetual fovereignty to bis highnefs the 
Peifhwah. 

Art. 6.—All the territories which belonged to Maha Rajah Dow- 
lut Rao Scindiah before the commencement of the late war, fituated 
to the fouth ward of the hills called the Adjuntee Hills, including the 
fort and diftridt of Jalnapore, the town and diftridl of Gandapore, and 
all other diftridts between that range of hills and the river Godavery, 
ceded by the fourth article.of the treaty of Surje Anjengaum to the 
honorable company and its allies, {hall belong in perpetual fovereignty 
to his highnefs the foubahdar of the Dekan. 

Art. 7 .—All ceffions made to the honorable company by any trea¬ 
ties which have been confirmed by the ninth article of the treaty of 
Surje Anjengaum, {hall belong in perpetual fovereignty to the hono¬ 
rable company. 

Art. 8.—This treaty, confifting of eight articles, being this day, 
the fourteenth of May 1-80 1, A. D. correfponding with the third of 
Suffer 1219 A. H. fettled and concluded at Poonah, by Lieutenant- 
colonel Barry Clofe, refident with his highnefs the Peilhwah, Lieu¬ 
tenant-colonel Clofe has delivered to his faid highnefs a copy of the 
fame in Englilh, Perfian, and Marhatta, under the feal and fignature 
of the faid Lieutenant^colonel Barry Clofe; and his highnefs the 
Teifhwah has delivered to the faid Lieutenant-colonel Clofe another 


PARTITION TREATY WITH THE PEISHWAH. 109 

another copy alfo in Perfian, Marhatta, and Englifh, bearing his high- 
nefs feal; and Lieutenant-colonel Clofe aforefaid has engaged to pro¬ 
cure and deliver to his faid highnefs, without delay, a copy of the 
fame, duly ratified by his excellency the moll noble the governor- 
general in council; on the receipt of which by his faid highnefs, the 
prefent treaty fliall be deemed complete and binding on the honorable 
the Englifh Eafl India company, and on his highnefs; and the copy 
of it now delivered to his faid highnefs lhall be returned. 




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